3. 特殊句型中的虚拟语气
|
句型 |
虚拟情况 |
从句谓语形式 |
典型例句 |
|
if only引起的感叹句 “要是……就好了” |
与现在或未来事实相反的愿望 |
would do／were |
If only he were here! 要是他在这儿就好了。 |
|
与过去事实相反的愿望 |
had done |
Look at the trouble I am in! If only I had followed your advice. (2003上海春季) |
|
|
It is (high/about) time sb. should do/ did…… “该是……的时候了” 注意：should不能省略 |
Let’s finish our homework in a few seconds. It’s time we played football. (04三级题) |
||
|
It is (或was) + 形容词(或过去分词) + that……+should + 动词原形…… 常用的形容词：necessary, important,essential
常用的过去分词: (表命令、请求、建议的词) |
It is necessary that we (should) have a walk now. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
|
||
|
as if和as though引起的虚拟语气 |
与现在事实相反 |
did/ were |
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. (NMET 1995) |
|
与过去事实相反 |
had done |
You are talking as if you had seen them. |
|
注意：
1. 以上虚拟从句中的would可根据具体语言环境用could, might, should来代替。
2. 如果as if和as though后面的从句所表示的情况是真实的或很可能是真实的，则动词可以用陈述语气，在feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste之后尤其如此。试比较：
He walks as if he is drunk.
He walks as if he were drunk.
第一句表示“他已经醉了”，第2句则表示“他没有醉”。
典例精析：
1. They _____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. （2007山东）
A. have got B. got C. have got D. get
答案：B。考查动词时态。
解析：该题是通过虚拟语气考查动词时态的。根据后半句“would have been”判断，他们已经去了加拿大，所以我们判断这是与过去的事实相反的假设。本句含义相当于 “If they had not got two free tickets to Canada, they’d never have been able to afford to go.”
2. ______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. （2007 全国II）
A. If B. Since C. Though D. When
答案：A。
解析：根据时态“would have won”可以判断出表示过去非真实情况。if引导虚拟条件句，意为“如果”。这句话的意思是：如果约翰的腿没有受伤，他就会赢了这次赛跑。since引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句，表示“自从……以来”或“因为”。though引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”。when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。所以选A。
3. ____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北)
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
答案：B。
解析：此题是虚拟条件句的倒装句。在虚拟条件句中，若有动词were, should或had（+过去分词），可以省略if，且把这三个词放在主句之前，变成倒装句。句意为：即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其他福利也不会受到影响。
4. If I _____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (2005湖北)
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
答案：B。
解析：据句意可判断这是对现在情况的虚拟条件句，“如果我能够计划我想做的事情”所以用could，不用would。
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