学而思教师吕腾飞
难点形成原因：
1．学习过程太零碎，不系统。
2．分不清什么时候使用，怎么使用。
3．一些固定用法记不住。
解决办法：
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。由于虚拟语气表达的是与事实相反的行为状态，其谓语动词的变化不同于陈述语气，这也是大家感到困惑和容易出错的地方。做此类题目时，关键要迅速发现解题信息词，确定虚拟语气类型，然后按各类虚拟语气的特定表达方式确定动词的形式。
用法讲解：
虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而仅是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
1．条件从句中的虚拟语气
|
虚拟情况 |
条件从句谓语形式 |
主句谓语形式 |
典型例句 |
|
|
与现在的事实相反 |
did／were |
would do |
I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him. ? ? |
|
|
与过去事实相反 |
had done |
would have done |
If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. ? ? |
|
|
与将来事实相反 |
did／were |
would do |
We would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow. |
|
|
were to do |
||||
|
should do |
||||
|
混合虚拟 |
从句与过去事实相反 主句与现在事实相反 |
had done |
would do |
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I had not fallen in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002上海) |
含蓄虚拟条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。通常的词或短语有：without"如果没有", but for "要不是", but that, otherwise, or, but等。
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. (2001上海春季)
But for my classmates’ help, I would not have finished the work in time. (2004三级题)
Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth would not grow well. ( 2004三级题)
注意：在虚拟条件句中，若有动词were, should或had（+过去分词），可以省略if，且把这三个词放在主句之前，变成倒装句。如：
What would have happened, had Bob walked farther, as far as the riverbank? (2001上海)
Had I realized you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. (1996三级题)
Had the weather been good, the children could have gone out for a walk. (2001三级题)
Had he taken the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. (2004三级题)
2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
|
动词 |
虚拟情况 |
宾语从句谓语形式 |
典型例句 |
|
wish |
与将来事实相反 |
would do |
I wish I would go to the Mars one day. |
|
与现在的事实相反 |
did／were |
How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden. (2002上海春季) |
|
|
与过去事实相反 |
had done |
Peter wishes that he had studied law instead of literature when he was in college. (2000三级题) |
|
|
would rather |
与将来或现在事实相反 |
did ／were |
– Do you mind if I keep pets in this building? -- I’d rather you didn’t, actually. (2000上海) |
|
命令order , command 要求request, demand, insist 建议suggest, propose, recommend, advise |
should do (should可以省略) |
Who do you suggest be sent to work there? (2002上海) |
|
|
had hoped“本来想要，本来希望” |
would done |
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China. |
|
注意：表命令、请求、建议的词order; request, demand, insist; suggest, propose, recommend, advise其表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句的谓语动词都要用should do的形式，should可以省略。但当insist表示 “坚持说”, suggest表示 “暗示,表明”时,不用虚拟语气。
The general's command was that the soldiers leave their fort and carry out more important tasks. (表语从句, 省略should, 2002三级题)
Her suggestion that everybody sing a song was not appreciated. (同位语从句, 省略should, 2001三级题)
She insisted that he was wrong. 她坚持说他错了。
His pale face suggests that he is in bad health. 他面色苍白，说明他身体不好。
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