[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(lie, remind, case, depend, add, measure, hurry)
1. The Smiths said they would take ____ to repair the windows by themselves.
2. There's plenty of time left; No ____.
3. The policemen rushed into the bedroom, only to find the couple ____ on the bed, dead.
4. -- Would you like to go swimming with Jack and Jim?
-- That ____.
5. The heavy storm ____to our trouble in the long marching, besides we were too tired.
6. When I couldn't remember the exact words, my brother ____ me of them.
7. I know there's no need to take so much money with me, but still I want to bring some in ____.
☆短语归类☆
1. 含 as 的短语
① as usual 像平常一样
② as if / as though 好像
③ as long as 长达……；只要
④ as soon as possible 尽可能早地，尽快
⑤ as well 也，又，同样地
⑥ as often as 每次．每当
⑦ as a / the result of 作为……的结果
⑧ as well as 也，还，和……一样好
⑨ as soon as 一……就……．和……一样快
⑩ as far as 和……一样远，就……，尽……
may / might as well 不妨
as a result 结果，因此
[例句] As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked around. 她仿佛茫然不知身在何处，犹犹豫豫向
四周张望。/ As long as it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go fishing. 只要明天不下雨，我们就去钓鱼。/ The flight was delayed as the result of fog. 因为有雾该 航班误点。/ She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是摄影师还是个天才音乐家。/ His parents supported him as far as they could. 他父母竭尽全力抚养他。/ As often as I tried to phone him, the line was engaged. 每次我给他打电话都占线。
【考例】(2003北京) ____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个单词或短语的意思及用法。
[答案与解析]C even though / if 即使；unless 如果
不；as long as 只要；while 当……时候。本句话意思是
“只有我知道这些钱是安全的，我就不担心了”。
【考例】(2005湖南) The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ____ I did.
A. as much as B. as long as
C. as soon as D. as far as
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。
[答案与解析] A A项as much as (和……一样多)符合题意：“我越想他就越发现有更多的理由让我像从前一样地爱他。”
2. at present 目前；presently 副词，相当于soon，意思是“不久”；for the present 眼下，暂时 (= for the moment)。At present, he is on holiday. 目前，他在度假。 / I will finish the work presently. 我就要完成这个工作。/ He is busy writing a book for the present. 他眼下正忙于写书。
另外，be present at 到场，出席，反义词 be absent from 缺席；present 还作后置定语，意思是“到场的，在座 的”；present 用作名词“礼物，赠品”。All but one were present at the meeting last night. 除了一人外，大家都出席了昨天晚上的会议。Present at the meeting were the leading members of the departments concerned. 有关部门的负责人出席了会议。
11. come up with 提出，找到(答案)；赶上
He came up with a new suggestion.
他提出一项新建议。
Let's go slowly so that the others may come up with
咱们慢慢走，好让其他人赶上来。
[注意]come up 意为“被提出”，主语是物。
Some practical suggestions came up at the meeting.
会上提出了一些可行性建议。
3. die out绝种，灭种 Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish.如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，那么它们不久就会灭绝。
[拓展] die out 还可表示“熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失”。Many old customs are dying out. 许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。
[链接] die off 一个个死掉 (或枯死) / die away 渐消；平息 / die down 平息；变弱 / die for 急切想要 / die from 因……致死，死于(外因) / die of 死于(内因)
4. 含“in + 名词”构成的短语
① in fact 事实上
② in case (of) 假使，以防，万一
③ in surprise 惊讶地，惊奇地，吃惊地
④ in general 一般，大体上
⑤ in total 总共
⑥ in all 总共
⑦ in future 从今以后
⑧ in particular 尤其，特别是
⑨ in trouble 处于困境
⑩ in time 及时，总有一天
? in a hurry 匆忙地
? in front of 在……前面
?in the open air 在户外，在野外
? in front 前方，正对面
? in the future 将来
? in the end 最后
? in the day 在白天
? in danger 在危险中，垂危
? in the wild 在自然环境中
? in ruins 成为废墟，遭到严重破坏
? in a word 总之
[例句] No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did win the prize. 没有人相信，但的确玛丽获奖了。/ Do you think we can get there in time for the first act? 你认为我们能赶上看第一幕吗? / When he was in trouble, he always turned to me for help. 他有困难时。总是向我求助。/ In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop. 和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐胜过流行音乐。/ If you keep on doing so, you will regret in time. 如果你总是这样做，总有一天你会后悔的。/ In general, her work has been good, but his essay is dreadful. 总的说来，她的作品不错，不过他的文章糟透了。/ The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。/ In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. 万一他在我回来前到达，请让他等我。
【考例】(NMET 2000) I don't think I'll need any money but I will bring some ____.
A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time
[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的用法。
[答案与解析]B at last 终于，最后；once again 再次；in time 及时，总有一天；in case 万一。本句话意思是“我认为我们不需要钱，但是为预防万一，我还是要带点”。
5. in case of 是介词短语，意为“在(有坏事的)情况下”， “万一发生……”。① In case of fire, phone the police.万一发生火灾，就给警察打电话。② The match will be put off in case of rain. 万一下雨，比赛就延期。
[拓展] in case单独使用时，可用作状语，也可引起从 句，意为“以免，以防”。 ③ Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting. 坐出租车吧，以防开会迟到。 ④ I'll keep some of these unused in case. 这些不用的东西我要留一些，以防万一。
[注意]in case 引起的从句表示条件，所以从句中不用将来时态，但可用should，might。⑤ Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。
[相关短语] in no case 决不(置于句首，句子用倒装) / in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 / in that case 如果那样 ⑥ In no case should you give up. 你绝不应该放弃。/ ⑦ In any case, do it better. 无论如何，要尽力而为。/ ⑧ In that case he would have telephoned the restaurant. 那样的话他本来会给餐馆打电话的。
[提示]case可表达多种意义：⑨ That isn't the case with Peter. 彼得的情况并不如此。(情况，情形) ⑩ The worst cases have been sent to hospital.情况最严重的患者已被送往医院。(患者，病人) ? The case will be tried in the court next week. 下周要审这个案子。(案情，案例)
6. in danger在危险中
[短语]in danger of有……的危险
out of danger 脱离危险
full of danger 充满危险的
a danger to society 社会的危险人物／事物
[拓展]dangerous 危险的，指给别人造成危险
The boy is seriously iIl and his life is in danger.那个男孩病得很重，生命垂危。He has been very ill. The doctor says that he is now out of danger.他一直病得很厉害，医生说他现在已脱离了危险。
7. make a difference 造成差别，有影响
make a big difference = make much difference 造成很大差别
make no / little difference 没有差别
make some / any difference 有些差别
Who will win makes no difference to me.谁将获胜对于我来说没什么两样。= It makes no difference to me who will win. / Does it make any difference whether he will come? 他来不来会有差别吗?
8. stay in touch with = keep in touch with 与……保持联系(状态) The salesman stays / keeps in touch with the office by phone. 推销员通过电话与办公室保持联系。
[短语]be in touch with 和…有联系(状态)；get in touch with 和…取得联系(动作) ；lose touch with 和…失去联系(动作)；be out of touch with 和…失去联系(状态)
9. take measures
(1) measure ① 名词“措施，办法”，take measures to do something 采取措施做某事；②名词“最度，尺寸” make clothes to one's own measure 根据某人的尺寸做衣服；名词“计量单位”。We must take necessary measures to solve these problems one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决这些问题。/ I went to the tailor's to make a suit to my own measure last week. 上周我去裁缝店量体做一套衣服。/ A meter is a measure of length. 米是长度单位。
(2) measure 既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，意思是“量，测量”。 My mother is measuring me for clothes. 我妈妈在给我量尺寸做衣服。/ It measures easily if spread on the table. 要是把它铺在桌子上，量起来可更容易些。
[注意]表示“采取措施做某事”还可以用do something / things to do something。We must do something to prevent SARS. 我们必须采取措施预防非典型性肺炎。/Have you done anything to deal with that problem? 你采取措施解决那个问题了吗?
10. 含介词 to 的短语
(1) according to 根据……所说
(2) adapt to 适应
(3) come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉
(4) devote...to 献身于……，专心于……
(5) get to 到达
(6) give birth to 生(孩子)
(7) lead to 通向，导致
(8) listen to 听
(9) make one's way to... 往……走
(10) make a contribution to 贡献给，捐赠
(11) on one's way to 在……途中
(12) owe...to...把……归功于……
(13) point to 指向……
(14) prefer...to... 喜欢……胜似……；宁愿干……而不愿
千……
(15) to one's surprise 令(某人)惊讶
(16) say goodbye to 告别，告辞
(17) thanks to 由于，多亏
(18) get down to 着手
(19) belong to 属于
(20) pay attention to 注意
(21) stick to 坚持
(22) object to 反对
(23) be opposed to 反对
(24) refer to 参阅，涉及
[例句]Everyone should make a contribution to a charity collection. 每个人都应该给慈善事业捐赠。/ At first I couldn't see anything when l stepped out of the room，but my eyes adapted to the dark bit by bit. 我刚走出房间时，起初什么也看不到，但是慢慢地我的眼睛适应了漆黑的环境。/ Thanks to the arrival of the police, the murderer was caught. 由于警察的赶到凶手才被捉住。/ We owe our great achievements to the correct leadership of the Party. 我们把取得的伟大成就归功于党的正确领导。/ After I graduated from university, l continued to devote myself to research. 我大学毕业后继续进行研究。/ Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. 劳动量大且休息得很少经常导致疾病。
【考例】(2004湖北) Once a decision has been made, all of us should ____ it.
A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的用法。
[答案与解析]B direct to 指引，指导；stick to 坚持；lead to 通向，导致；refer to 提到，谈到，参考。本句话意思是“一旦做出决定，就应该坚持”。
【考例】(2005浙江) The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____ his notes.
A. bringing up B. referring to
C. looking for D. trying on
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。
[答案与解析]B refer to 意为“参照，提到”；bring up意为“抚养，养育”；look for 意为“寻找”；try on 意为“试穿”。题意“主席在商务会议上做了将近一小时的发言没有看稿。”
[牛刀小试2]
句子改错，每句仅一处错误。
1. In generally, most teenagers now listen to rock music. However, Jonah prefers classical music.
2. I suppose Robert is fit the job in case he can put his mind to it.
3. Eat too much fat can lead to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
4. He has devoted his whole life to benefit mankind.
5. Tom's interests include basketball, bowling, and surfing the Web as good as studying his favorable subjects.
☆词语比较☆
1. spend, cost, take, pay, pay for
(1) spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等，其后用on+名词或用in(可省略) + 动名词形式，不接不定式。He spends much money on books. 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。/ He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car. 他花很多钱买一辆新车。
(2) cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接life，money，health，time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。The book cost him one dollar. 这本书用了他一美元。/ Making experiments like this costs much time and labor. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。
[注意]cost后不能与具体的时间长度连用，只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语连用。如：some time, much time, ten years of hard work 等。可说It cost him ten years of work. 不可说It cost him ten years to work.
(3) take 表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，有时主语也可以是人，它说明事情完成“花费了……”。 It took me ten minutes to go to the post office.到邮局用去了我十分钟时间。/ The producer took two years to make the film. 制片商用了两年时间拍这部新影片。
[说明] take...to do sth. 句型侧重完成该动作花费的时间，而spend...doing sth. 有时并不说明动作的完成。It took him an hour to read the book.他用一小时读完了这本书。/ He spent an hour (in) reading the book.他用了一小时读这本书。(是否读完并未说明)
(4) pay 的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可 以是“人”、“钱”。He paid the taxi and hurried to the station. 他付了出租车的钱，急忙向车站赶去。We'll pay you in a few days. 几天后我们会给你钱。
(5) pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”，for 表示支付的原因。 You'll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。
[注意]
(1)下面两句中pay for的意义不同。Of course we have to pay for what we buy.当然我们买东西得付钱。Don't worry about money. I'll pay for you. 别担心钱，我会替你付的。
(2) pay the bill 付账；pay taxes 纳税；pay wages 发工资
以上pay后不能加for
2. agree with, agree to, agree on
(1) ① agree with 的意思是“同意”，“赞成”。后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语。Does she agree with us? 她同意我们的意见吗?
② agree with 还有“与……一致”，“(气候、食物等)适 合”的意思。His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。Too much meat doesn't agree with her.吃太多肉食对她身体不合适。
[注意]agree with不能用于被动语态。
(2) agree to 意为“同意”，“赞成”，后面跟表示“提议”，“办法”，“计划”，“安排”等的名词或代词。Please agree to this arrangement.请同意这个安排。
(3) agree on 表示“对……取得一致意见”，指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或是达成了某种协议。After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成了协议
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