5. case的用法
▲ 搭配:
① as is often the case 这是常有的事
② as the case stands 在目前的情况下,就现有的情况而论
③ in this / that case 如果是这样/那样的话
④ in any case 无论如何,总之
⑤ in case (that)-clause 假使。如果,万一
⑥ in case of 万一……,如果发生……
⑦ (just)in case 以防(万一)
⑧ in most cases 在大多数情况下
【考例】(2005广东)You'd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ____ you have to wait.
A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that
[考查目标]考查 case 构成的短语的用法。
[答案与解析]C 句意:“当你去看医生的时候最好带点东西读以防等待”。in case 意为“万一”;even if意为“即使”;as if,意为“好像”;in order that 意为“为了……”。就高考而言,除了 in case 之外,意为“以防万一”的引导词还应掌握-,for fear that 和lest。
6. defeat 的用法
▲ 构词:defeatist n. 失败主义者
▲ 搭配:suffer a defeat战败;遭受挫败
▲ 辨析:defeat;beat;conquer 这组动词的一般含义是“打败”。
defeat 的含义是“打败”,但被打败者不一定服输。例如:The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. 公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注,但是他被击败了。
beat则表示彻底“打败”,而且被打败者完全服输了。
例如:It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and become Champion of England. 直到1790年第三次比赛时,他才最后打败汉弗莱斯,而成为英国的冠军。
conquer 更可强调“把对方征服”,而且被征服者或被征服的国家为征服者所有,可以任意支配,特别指“获得
对人、物或感情的控制。例如:Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered. 有的国家可能被打败,但决不能被征服。
【考例】-- Who ____ the team from No. 2 Middle school? -- I'm not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county.
A. defeated B. won C. beat D. gained
[考查目标]本题考查defeat的常见用法。
[答案与解析]A defeat 意思是“打败”,后面跟的是表示“人”或“组织”的名词或代词。
7. depend 的用法
▲ 搭配:
① That depends. 要看情况而定。
② It (all) depends. 要看情况而定。
③ depend on / upon 依靠;由……而定.取决于;从属于;依赖其维持
【考例】[2004江苏]
-- How long are you staying? -- I don't know. ____.
A. That's OK B. Never mind
C. It depends D. It doesn't matter
[考查目标]考查depend在交际场合的用法。
[答案与解析]C it depends 意思是“看情况。不能确
定”。
8. devote vt. 投入于;献身
devoted 忠实的;献身……的;专用的
devote one's time / life / energy / oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于……;献身于…… = be devoted to...致力于……;献身于……;忠实于…… After that, he devoted his entire energy to these studies. 从那以后,他全力以赴从事这些研究工作。/ He is very devoted to his wife. 他很忠实于他的妻子。
9. devote 的用法
▲ 构词:
① devotion n. 献身;奉献;忠诚;热心,专心
② devoted adj. 忠诚的;挚爱的;喜欢的
③ devotedly adv. 忠实地,一心一意地
▲搭配:
① devote...to 把……献给;把……专用于
② devote oneself to 致力于,献身于;专心于
③ be devoted to 专心于,忠于
▲ 友情提示:各搭配中to均为介词。
【考例】[2004全国卷IV] First of all, I respected his ____ to teaching.
A. attention B. introduction
C. relation D. devotion
[考查目标] 本题考查 devote 派生词的词义和用法。
[答案与解析]D devote的名词形式是devotion,也应
该和介词 to 搭配。
10. force n. [U][C]力量,势力,暴力 vt. 强迫,促使,强制 He didn't use much force. 他没怎么用力。/ They refused to bow before force. 他们拒绝向暴力低头。/ They have come to know the forces of nature. 他们终于知道了大自然的力量。
[注意]the forces 可表示“军队,兵力”。
[拓展]
force sb. to do sth.;force sb. into doing sth.;force sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 I was forced to leave. 我被迫离开。(= into leaving) / The strong man forced himself into the empty room. 那个身体强壮的男子强行进入了那个宅房间。
[短语]
by force 靠武力,强行 be in force 生效
come / go into force 生效 put in / into force 使生效
force one's way 强行前进或进入
11. hurry 的用法
▲ 构词:
① hurried adj. 匆忙的
② hurriedly adv. 仓促地.慌忙地
▲ 搭配:
① in a hurry 匆忙地
② in no hurry 不忙,有充分的时间;不急于
③ no hurry 不忙.不必着急,有充裕的时间
④ hurry up 快点,赶紧做;催促(快点)
▲ 辨析:hurry; haste; speed 均含“动作上的快速”的意思。
hurry 指“动作不轻松、不自然的快,有时表示不必要的快”,并且常有“忙乱仓促”的意思。例如:In her hurry she forgot to leave her address. 在匆忙中,她忘了留下地址。
haste 着重“想办法赶快”的意思,并常表示“匆忙的动作。有时动作过分仓促而不能得到预期的结果”。例如:All his haste was of no use. 他白忙了。/ Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。
speed 指“人(物)快捷(速)的动作”。例如:It is dangerous to corner at speed. 高速转弯是危险的。
【考例】[2004湖南] When l there ____ I apologized for being late, and told him I'd come as quickly as I could,...
A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried
[考查目标] 考查几个与“走”有关的近义词的区别。
[答案与解析]D 从上下文看,当时,是”匆忙”的。
12. lie的用法
▲构词:liar n. 说谎者
▲搭配:
① lie down 躺下;磨洋工;停止战斗
② lie in 在于;位于
③ tell a lie = tell lies 撒谎
【考例】[2002北京] I would ____ very still so that the "enemy" would not discover me.
A. lay B. hide C. rest D. lie
[考查目标]本题考查lie,lay等几个相近词的区别。
[答案与解析]D lie是动词原形,意思是“躺”或“撒谎”。在本句中是“躺”的意思。
13. measure 的用法
▲ 搭配:
① make sth to sb's measure 按某人的尺寸制作某物
② take measures 采取措施 ③ beyond / above measure 无法估量地;无限的,极度地,非常,极为
【考例】[2004天津] I realized strength and courage aren't always ____ in medals and victories, but in the struggle we overcome.
A. measured B. praised C. tested D. increased
[考查目标] 本题考查measure的意思。
[答案与解析]A measure的基本词义是“衡量,量”。
14. press vt. & vi. 按,压,夹 n. 压力,印刷机,新闻界 Press this button to start the engine. 按下这个按钮启动发动机。/ My shoes presses my toe. 我的鞋挤脚趾。/ The power of the press is very great. 舆论的力量是巨大的。
[拓展] pressure n. 劳累,紧张;pressing adj. 紧迫的,恳切的
[短语] be pressed for time / money 缺时间/钱;press on 加紧赶路,奋力前进;in the press 正在印刷
15. reduce vt. & vi 减少,缩减,减化
reduce prices 降低价格
reduce air pollution 减少空气污染
reduce one's weight 减肥
reduce noise 减少噪音
[注意]reduce 作不及物动词时,仅作“减肥”讲。I must reduce to get into that dress. 我必须减肥才能穿上那条裙子。
[拓展]reduce...to 使……陷入不良状况;把……归纳成;把……降职为(to为介词) He was reduced to begging for food. 他沦落到讨饭的地步。
[短语] order 使……恢复秩序;整理
reduce...to silence使安静,使沉默下来
tears 使哭了起来
16. remind
(1) vt. 提醒
① remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人某物;提醒某人注意某事Be sure to remind her of the meeting she has to attend. 务必提醒她要参加那次会议。
② remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事Please remind me to post the letter. 请提醒我寄那封信。
③ remind sb. that-clause 提醒某人…… She reminded me that I hadn't written to mother. 她提醒了我,我还没给妈妈写信。
(2) vt. 使(人)想起,使记起
① remind sb. of sb. / sth. 使……想到某人或某物 He reminds me of his father. 看到他使我想起他的父亲。
② remind sb. that-clause 使人回忆起…… The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看到钟使我想起我已经晚了。
【考例】[2000上海春招]what you said just now ____ me of that American professor.
A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized
[考查目标] remind基本用法。
[答案与解析]C remind表示“提醒;让……想起”。
17. wonder v. 惊奇,惊叹,对……感到惊奇,想知道
[C] 奇迹,奇观奇事I wondered that he couldn't answer such an easy question. 他竟然回答不出这样简单的问题,真让我感到奇怪。/ I don't wonder at her refusing to marry him. 她拒绝嫁给他,对此我一点也不奇怪。/ It is really a wonder that he can recover from the SARS. 他能从非典型性肺炎中康复真是一个奇迹。
▲ 构词:wonderful adj. 令人惊奇的.奇妙的,极好的,令人愉快的
▲ 搭配:
① what a wonder! 多么令人惊异!真想不到!
② It is a wonder that... 奇怪的是……
③ (It's) no / little / small wonder (that…) 难怪…,…并不奇怪It's no wonder that you are so happy. 难怪你这么高兴。
④ do / perform / work wonders 创造奇迹,取得惊人成就
【考例】(2005湖北) He hasn't slept at all for three days. ____ he is tired out.
A. There is no point B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder D. It is no way
[考查目标] 考查 wonder 的词义。
[答案与解析]C “他已经三天没有睡觉了,现在筋疲力尽也不足为奇。”根据句意,答案选C。 no wonder 表示“不足为奇的”;no point 表示“没有意义”;no need表示“没有……的必要”;no way 表示“决不”。
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