3. either和any的用法
在表示两者或三者中的“任何一个，随便一个”时，这两个单词相对应。
either表示“两者之间的任何一个”，在句中可单独使用或后接of短语。如：
There is coffee or tea. You can have either.
咖啡、茶——你可以任选一种。
Is either of the sisters coming? 这俩姐妹俩有哪个要来吗?
You can sit on either side of the boat if you keep still.
如果你不乱动的话，你可坐在船的任何一端。
—Do you speak Germany or Italian? 你讲德语还是意大利语?
—I don’t speak either(of the two languages). 我都不会。
I’m afraid that either of them will not agree to this arrangement .
我担心他们两人都不会同意这样的安排的。
any表示“三者之间的任何一个”。
Do(es) any of you know his address?
你们中间有谁知道他的地址吗?
I’ll help any student( any of the students ) to learn this subject well.
我将帮助每个学生学好这门功课。
4. either和each的用法
either表示“两者中的任何一个”；而each表示“两者或三者及三者以上中的每一个”。如：
You can take either of the two tickets.
这儿有两张票，你可以随便拿一张。
Each of the students has a dictionary. 每个学生都有本字典。
5. every和each的用法
every只能用作形容词，表示“每一个”，侧重整体，不能与of搭配，只能用于总数是两个以上的人或事物，它的代词形式为everyone，everybody，everything。如：
Every student in the class is here today.今天每一位学生都到了。
All the students are here today.今天所有的学生都到了。
在第一个句子中，我们用every student把学生们作为一个整体来看待；而在第二个句子中，我们说all the students，我们考虑的是组成这一整体的许许多多个体的学生。
We were attacked on every side.=We were attacked on all sides. 我们遭到来自四面八方的袭击。
I enjoyed every minute of this performance.
我自始至终欣赏这场演出。
each可以作代词或限定性形容词，表示“每一个”，强调个体，可以用来表示两个或两个以上的人或事物，可以和of搭配。注意each在句中的位置：
Each of the teachers has a computer. = The teachers each have a computer.= The teachers have a computer each.教师们每人一台电脑。
透视单元重点，点击高考
1. compared with
【点拨】compared with/ to “与……比较起来”。例如：Compared with / to other girls, she was lucky.
【短语拓展】compare… with…“把……和……相比较”；例如：I carefully compared my answers with my teacher’s. compare…to…把……比作……。例如： Poets often compare sleep to death. compare notes with sb.与某人交换看法或意见。例如：They compared notes on the problem.
【点击高考】_________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004 湖北)
A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
【解析】答案是D。句中the biggest ocean 和 compare是被动关系，所以要用被动形式。When compared是省略形式，就等于When it is compared。
【巩固练习】________ to with many girls, Mary was indeed very good in drawing.
A. To compare B. To be compared C. Comparing D. Compared
答案：D
2. as though
【点拨】as though= as if 好像，似乎。可以引导方式状语从句或表语从句。从句的语气可以用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。如：It looks as if we will be late.看起来我们好像会迟到。She always talks to me as if she were my sister. 她总是以我妹妹的语气和我说话。
【点击高考】）When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _________.（NMET 1995）
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
【解析】答案是C。as if 在句中引导一个表语从句，表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时。
【思维拓展】形似词组：even if / even though 即使，尽管。例如：We have decided to visit the school even though it rains tomorrow.
【巩固练习】(1) We won’t give up we should fail ten times.
A. even if B. since C. whether D. until
(2) he was badly ill, she was always looking after him willingly.
A. Even B. As if C. Even though D. However
答案：(1) A (2) C
3. 状语从句中的省略
【点拨】含有when, while ,until, if, unless, once, before等引导的状语从句的主从复合句中，若从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中谓语动词有be的某种形式，从句中的主语及部分谓语（be动词）可以省略。例如：Be careful when crossing the street. Some students like studying while listening to the tape.
【点击高考】When________ , the museum will be open to the public next year.(2002上海)
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
【解析】答案是A。这是一个省略句，从句省略了the museum is。原句是：When the museum is completed, the museum will…。
【巩固练习】用括号里所给的动词的适当形式填空：
(1) When __________ (work) with the workers, we learned a lot from them.
(2) When ___________ (ask) , he always gives good advice.
(3) He will not go the party unless __________.(invite)
(4) The research can not be stopped once____________. (begin)
答案：(1)working (2)asked (3) invited (4) began
4. 代/名+介词+which引导的定语从句
【点拨】这样的定语从句一般是非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作介词的宾语，代指前面的物或事。例如：They all come from the USA, most of whom are scientists.他们都来自美国，大部分是科学家。We had a meeting, the purpose of which was completely unclear. 我们开了一个会，会议的内容还不完全清楚。
【点击高考】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, __________ was very reasonable.(2002上海)
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
【解析】答案是B。这是一个非限制性定语从句，the price of which指代花瓶的价格，等于whose price。
【巩固练习】(1)There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.(2004 湖北)
A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger are that D. the larger of which
(2)The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%_______ are sold abroad.(2004辽宁)
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
答案：(1) D (2) A
5. –ing作状语
【点拨】动词的-ing形式作状语时，应该注意以下三个方面：（1）分词表示的是句子主语发出的动作；（2）分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作或状态是同时发生或先后发生；（3）分词表示的是次要的动作，一般是对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明。常用来表示伴随、原因、时间和结果等。例如：He often sits on the sofa, watching TV. （伴随）The bell which indicated the end of the class rang, interrupting our heated discussion. （结果）
【巩固练习】用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空
(1) _________ so poor in those days, they couldn’t afford to send their son to school.(be)
(2) _______ out of the room, he found the boy still there.(walk)
(3) His wife died in 1990, _________ him two children.(leave)
(4) They stood there for an hour, __________ the game.(watch)
答案：(1) Being (2) Walking (3) leaving (4) watching
词语辨析
1. sometimes, sometime, some time 和some times 四个词的区别。
sometime 是副词，意思是：在某时。表示不确定的时间，可以与将来时也可以与过去时连用；sometimes是频度副词，意思是：偶尔，有时。常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用；
some time是名词词组，意思是：一段时间。常指将来；some times是名词词组，意思是：几次，几倍。
【例句】I usually go to school on foot, but sometimes I go to school by bike.
I saw him sometime last winter.
She will stay in Beijing for some time.
I met him some times in the street last week.
2. if only与only if的区别
if only的意思是：但愿，要是……就好了。常引导虚拟语气。only if的意思是：只要……。引导陈述语气的真实条件句。
【例句】Only if you study word, you will pass the exam.
If only I had not been late yesterday.
3. be about to do, be to do 与be going to
be about to do 表示即将发生的动作，不表示按计划安排的活动，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。be going to 表示“打算/计划做某事”，它表示按计划安排要发生的事或者有迹象表明某事要发生。be to do 表示“按计划或打算要做的事”或者表示“要求、命令、禁止、注定等”。它所表示的动作是事先安排好的受到人的主观意识的控制。
【例句】He was about to leave when the telephone rang.
It is going to rain.
You are to do your homework in ink.
4. like与as做介词时的区别
like与as它们两个都可以做介词用。但like的意思是：像；类似；后接名词、代词或动名词。而as的意思是：作为，当作，当某人是（某身份）时。
【例句】I’ve always wanted a garden like yours.
As a child, he lived in India.
5. take, spend, cost与pay的区别
spend 的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是“钱、精力、时间等”，其后用on+名词或者in + doing，in可以省略。cost 的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用，耗费”，后接life , money, health, time , money等，侧重于“花费”的代价。 take 表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，通常用it做形式主语。pay 的意思是“支付”，宾语可以是“人、钱”等，常和介词for搭配。
【例句】The money he spent on the books added up to 500 yuan.
It took me five hours to finish the work.
The money I paid for the clothes was 800 yuan.
How much did it cost ?
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一、请从每道题的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
1. —Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge?
—It will __________ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
2. It’s time they_____________ to school.
A. go B. will go C. went D. have gone
3. I was having ________ time that I didn’t want to leave.
A. such a nice B. so nice C. such nice a D. such nice
4. They stood beside the teacher, with their eyes____________ what the teacher was doing.
A. focus on B. focusing on C. focused on D. to focus on
5. The students in this college are all taking courses a degree.
A. devoting to B. turning to C. leading to D. sticking to
6. She moved back home to ____________ her elderly parents.
A. take care B. care for C. care about D. with care
7. He is just _________ because the girl he likes is here.
A. showing up B. showing off C. showing his face D. showing around
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