编辑点评:
语法这个术语有两层含义,一个指结构规律本身,即平常说的语法事实;另一个指语法学。语法学是研究、描写、解释语法结构规律的科学,是对客观存在着的语法系统的认识和说明。语法学的任务是描写、解释组成词、短语句子的规则和格式。
2.表示 "致使" 动词 get, have,leave等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。
---Good morning. Can I help you?
---I’d like to have the package weighed, madam. (MET89)
3. 表示“意欲;命令”的动词如 like, want, wish, order等常接过去分词充当补足语。 如:
You must tell us exactly what you would like done. 你必须准确地告诉我们该做什么。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
I wish it done quickly. 我希望很快将此事做完。
注意: set, start, catch常跟现在分词作宾语补足语,make常跟过去分词作宾语补足语。如:
set sb thinking start sb coughing
He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(04北京春季)
The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself heard. (NMET91)
典例精析:
1. 1 smell something ___________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (2007全国I)
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
答案:A。
解析:smell something burning“闻着什么东西在燃烧而发出糊味”强调这个动作正在进行。burning 作宾语补足语。something burnt “烧焦了的东西”表示一种状态。所以选A。
2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. (2007上海)
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
答案:A。
解析:hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听到某人在做某事”。动词+ing表示主动,the child heard his mother’s voice calling him表示“孩子听见他母亲喊他”。hear sth. done 表示“听见某事被做了”。所以选A。
3. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _____ in a short period. (2007福建)
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
答案:A。
解析:have sth. done 表示“使某事被做”,have her written English improved “使她的书面英语得到提高”。动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。have sb. doing sth. 意为“使某人一直在做某事”表主动。have sb. do sth. 意为“使某人做某事”表主动,do前必须省略to。所以选A。
4. -- Did Peter fix the computer himself?
-- He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers. (2007安徽)
A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it
答案:C。
解析:have sth. done 表示“使某事被做或请别人做某事”,动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。由because he doesn't know much about computers可判断出,他找别人维修了电脑。所以选C。
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