Unit3-4
☆重点句型☆
1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法
2. Say "Hi" / "Hello" / "Thanks" to sb. (for me) 问候的句型
3. Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来
4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)
5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if... not
6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的状语从句
7. She was so surprised that she couldn't move. 结果状语从句
8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 过去分词作状语
9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 现在分词作状语
10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法
☆重点词汇☆
1. means n. 方法；途径
2. experience n. 经验
3. equipment n. 设备
4. successful adj. 成功的
5. protect v. 保护
6. handle v. 处理
7. consider v. 考虑
8. benefit n. 利益
9. particular adj. 特别的
10. effect n. 效果
11. combine v. 合并
12. unforgettable adj. 不会忘记的
13. advance v. 前进
14. seize v. 抓住
15. struggle v. 奋斗
16. fear v. & n. 害怕
17. strike v. 敲打
18. destroy v. 毁掉
19. publish v. 出版
20. naughty adj. 调皮的
☆重点短语☆
1. get away from 逃离
2. watch / look out 注意，当心
3. go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游
4. as with 正如……一样
5. see off 为某人送行
6. on the other hand 在另一方面
7. take care of 照顾
8. get close / near to 接近，凑近
9. tree after tree 一棵又一棵的树
10. as wall as 也，和……一样(好)
11. protect…from 保护……不受……的伤害
12. be surprised at 因……而吃惊
13. be caught / trapped / struck in 被……困住
14. take place 发生
15. go through 通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事)
16. be upon 临近，逼近
17. hold on to 紧紧抓住
18. refer to 提到，说到；查询(信息)
19. look into 注视……的内部；检查，调查
20. for fear of (doing) sth. 惟恐……
☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关．做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?
l. get ____ from 逃离 away
2. watch ____ 注意，当心 out
3. protect sb / sth ____ 保护／保卫某人(某事物) from
4. see sb ____ 到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行 off
5. on the other ____ 另一方面 hand
6. as ____ as也，还，而且 well
7. ____ place发生，产生 take
8. ____ fire失火 on
9. pull sb ____ 把……往上拽 up
10. get ____ one's feet站立起来；站起身来 on
11. go ____ 通过，经受。仔细检查 through
12. ____ holiday在度假 on
13. travel ____ 旅行社代理人 agent
14. be ____ 逼近，临近 upon
15. ____ exercise 进行体育锻炼 take
16. ____ "Hi" to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人问候 say
17. come ____ with提出 up
18. go ____ a hike 去远足 for
19. be caught ____ 受困于……，陷于…… in
20. ____ a second 马上，一会儿 in
21. look ____ 往……里面看，调查 into
22. refer ____ 提到．涉及；参考 to
23. hold ____ 抓住，握住 onto
24. sweep ____ 冲走，刮走 away
25. sweep ____ 冲倒，吹倒 down
☆交际用语☆
1. Where would you prefer going...?
2. How would you like to go to...?
3. Have a nice / pleasant trip !
4. Well, I must be off.
5. It's all right．
6. I'm afraid.
7. Come on !
8. It scares me.
9. Don't worry.
10. First..., next..., then..., finally...
☆单词聚焦☆
1. advance的用法
▲构词：advanced adj. 高等的．先进的，高深的
▲搭配：
① in advance 在前头，预先，事先
② in advance of 在……前面；比……进步；超过
③ on the advance (物价)在上涨
【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.
A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased
[考查目标] 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。
[答案与解析]C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。
2. before 的特殊用法
(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。
(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。)
(3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。
It won't be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。
3. chance的用法
▲搭配：
① by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许
② by chance 偶然，意外地
③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会
【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.
A. work B. luck C. chances D. services
[考查目标] chance的词义。
[答案与解析] C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。
4. consider v.
(1) 考虑
A) consider + n. / doing
I consider going abroad.
B) consider + 疑问词 + to do
You have to consider what to do next.
(2) 认为
A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj.
I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.
They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.
B) consider + n. + to have done
I consider him to have acted disgracefully.
除了consider…as…表认为外，还有regard…as
…，look on…as…，take…as…，think of…as…
5. cost的用法
▲ 构词：costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的
▲ 搭配：
① cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)／牺牲……
② at all costs 不惜任何代价．无论如何
③ at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何
④ at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价
⑤ at the cost of 以……为代价，用……换来的；丧失；牺牲
【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.
A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste
[考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。
[答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的
名词．而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。
6. effect n. 效果；作用
have an effect on sth.
His words had a great pushing effect on his students.
(1) be of no effect 无效
(2) come into effect 开始生效；开始实行
[比较] affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
7. experience的用法
▲构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的
▲搭配:
① by experience 凭经验；从经验中
② from experience 凭经验；从经验中
③ gain experience in… 获得……经验
④ be experienced in… 某方面有经验
▲友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。
【考例】 (2005山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.
A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents
[考查目标] experience的意思。
[答案与解析] C experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。
8. fear n. & vt.
(1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词)
His face was growing pale with fear.
忧虑；担心的事(可数)
There is no reason for your fears.
for fear of 由于怕……，以防
He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.
for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防
She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
in fear of 害怕；担心
The thief was in fear of the police.
(2) v. 恐惧；害怕，接 n. / pron.
Cats fear big dogs.
恐惧；害怕，接to do
Don't fear to tell the truth.
恐怕；担心，接从句
She feared that she might not find him in his room.
▲构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的
▲搭配：
① be in fear (of) (为……而)提心吊胆
② for fear of 因为怕；以免，怕的是
③ for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生)
④ have a fear that-clause 担心／怕(发生某事)
⑤ with fear 吓得，怕得
⑥ fear (vi.) for... 担心／忧虑……
【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of
C. for fear of D. in search
[考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。
[答案与解析]C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是……。担心……”。
9. fun n. 高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事
(1) for fun 为了高兴；为着好玩
I only did it for fun.
(2) make fun of 开……的玩笑；取笑
It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.
[比较]
(1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑
It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.
(2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑
10. means n. 手段；办法
(1) by means of 用……；依靠……
The water may be carried by means of a pipe.
(2) by all means 一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地
Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.
(3) by no means 完全不是；一点也不；决不
This is by no means the first time you have been late.
还有： by this means 用这种方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段
【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.
A. ways B. offers C. means D．helps
[考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。
[答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。
11. normal adj. 正常的；正规的
the normal temperature, normal behavior
(1) regular 规则的；有规律的
keep regular hours 生活有规律；按时作息
(2) common普通的；常见的
Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的；共同的
have a common interest 有着共同爱好
(3) usual 惯常的；惯例的
It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.
(4) ordinary 平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress
12. once的用法
▲ 搭配：
① all at once 突然；同时
② at once 立刻，马上；同时
③ (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或
④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次； 破例一回
⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次
⑥ not once 一次也不
⑦ once again / more再一次
⑧once and again一再，再三
⑨ once or twice 一两次；有时，偶尔
⑩ once too often又(多了)一次
? once upon a time从前
【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.
A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless
[考查目标] 连词once的用法和词义。
[答案与解析] B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。
13. prefer v. 宁愿；更喜欢
(1) prefer + n. / pron.
The boy preferred a detective story.
(2) prefer + v. -ing
Do you prefer living abroad?
(3) prefer + to do
She prefers to live among the working people.
(4) prefer sb. to do sth.
She preferred him to stay at home.
(5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢……而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.
(6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 宁愿……而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.
(7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.
14. protect的用法
▲ 构词：protection n. 保护(者/物)，防御
▲ 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……；使……免于，保护……使不受
【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____.
A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection
C. self-respect D. self-service
[考查目标] protect及其派生词的词义。
[答案与解析]B self-protection是名词，意思是“自我保护”。
15. separate的用法
▲ 构词：separation n. [U]分开，分离
▲ 搭配：
① separate A from B 把A和B分开
② A is separated from B by… A和B为……所分开／阻隔
③ separate sth (up) into… 把……分成(几分)
▲辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。
separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗?
divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。
part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。
【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
[考查目标] 动词separate的词义。
[答案与解析] A separated和get搭配有被动意义，表
示“被隔开；被分隔”。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate)
1. The teacher improved the students' English by ____ of dictation and recitation. (means)
2. All the goods ___me almost half a million dollars. (cost)
3. We must ____ the wild animals from the hunting. (protect)
4. Every baby should be ____ after he is horn. (separated)
5. None of them ____ death when the enemy came into the village. (feared)
6. There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in ____. (advance)
☆词语比较☆
1. wear, put on, have on, dress, be in, try on
(1) wear v. 穿着；戴；蓄须(发)；磨损；(脸容)呈现，显出 He is wearing an overcoat today.
* wear out (把) 穿破；(把) 用坏；(使) 疲乏；(使) 耗尽I have worn out my shoes. / My patience wore (was worn) out.
(2) put on 穿上；戴上(侧重穿着的动作)
Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold.
(3) dress vt. 给……穿衣服 n. 衣服；连衣裙
dress sb. (in sth.) 或 be dressed (in sth.) 注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dressed her baby and then they went downstairs.
(4) have on 表示穿着的状态，注意不能用进行时。
At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes.
(5) be in表示穿着的状态 There was a girl in red.
(6) try on 试穿 Mother was trying on a new dress.
2. strike, hit, beat
(1) hit vt.
① 打；敲；击；击中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence. / The stone hit him on the head.
② 使……受到打击 The bad news hit every one hard.
(2) beat vt. & vi.
① 连续有节奏地打；敲
The rain heat against the window.
② (心)跳动 His heart had stopped beating.
③ (鸟翼) 扑动
The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.
④ 打败；打赢；取胜
Our champion can beat all runners in the country.
[牛刀小试4]
1. -- I'd like to take a week's holiday.
-- ____, we're too busy.
A. Don't worry B. Don't mention it
C. Forget it D. Pardon me
2. -- I was so sure that our experiment was going to succeed, but something went wrong at the last moment.
-- ____, but don't give it up.
A. Find out the reason B. Never mind
C. I'm sorry to hear that D. You don't 'mean that
3. -- I just heard that the tickets for tonight's show have been sold out. -- Oh no! ____.
A. I was looking forward to that B. It doesn't matter
C. I knew it already D. It's not at all interesting
4. -- We are going to travel to Italy. -- ____.
A. Good bye B. Go ahead
C. I like to go, too D. Have a good time
5. -- I'd rather have some tea, if you don't mind.
-- ____.
A. Thank you very much B. Yes, I like so
C. No, it's nothing D. Of course, anything you want
CCADD
☆精典题例☆
1. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (NMET 2002春上海)
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
【解析】选C 本题是在语境中考查现在进行时的被动语态。本句意为“雨林以这样的速度被砍伐和焚烧，会导致它在不久的将来从地球上消失。”体会语境和句意便知此处选择C项，表示现阶段在进行的动作。
2. Twenty-three hours has passed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the missing ____ carried out.
A. are still being B. have already been
C. are always D. will soon be
【解析】选A本句意为“矿井爆炸已过23小时了，但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。”
3. -- When are you leaving? -- My plane ____ at 10:45.
A. takes off B. took off
C. is about to take off D. will take off
【解析】选A飞机是按时刻表运行的。
4. -- Excuse me, what time is it now?
-- Sorry, my watch ____. It ____ at the shop.
A. isn't working; is being repaired
B. doesn't work; is being repaired
C. isn't working; is repaired
D. doesn't work; is repaired
【解析】选B doesn't work说明“手表不工作”的状态，而不只是现在才坏了。后句意为“手表正在商店里修理”，故应用is being repaired。
5. John, who is considered ____ a warm-hearted man, is considering ____ his neighbor out of trouble.
A. to be; to help B. to be; helping
C. being; to help D. being; helping
【解析】选B be considered to be “被认为是……”；consider doing “考虑做某事”。
6. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ____ it got worse.
A. until B. when C. before D. as
【解析】选C意思是“在事情还未变得更糟之前及
时纠正错误”。
7. -- There is something wrong with my bike.
-- It doesn't matter. I ____ lend you mine.
A. am to B. am going to C. was going to D. will
【解析】选D be to表示按计划安排将来的动作，be going to 表示最近打算做某事，will 在此是情态动词，表示“意志；意愿”。如：I will tell you all about it.
8. Children at the beginning of this century ____ a lot and ____ themselves greatly even without television.
A. used to read; enjoying B. used to read; enjoyed
C. were used to reading; enjoy
D. were used to read; enjoying
【解析】选B 前后时态要保持一致。