2014上海浦东新区高考英语一模试题(附答案)

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70. What can you infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?

A. Choosing a fuel-saving car matters more than your driving style.

B. Your driving style matters most to the fuel needed.

C. You should rely on yourself to drive a car.

D. Whether a car saves fuel depends largely on the car you choose.

71. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A. ecological

B. convenient

C. economical

D. beneficial

72. Which of the following is NOT a suggested way of saving fuel according to the writer?

A. Driving along at a very low speed.

B. Checking tyre pressures regularly.

C. Putting the extra weight off the boot.

D. Applying the eco-driving apps on smartphones

73.Which may be the best choice for a visiting scholar who frequently gives lectures at colleges in a neighboring town?
A. Walking.

B. Owning an electric vehicle.

C. Renting a car.

D. Buying a stylish car.

(C)

The death of languages is not a new phenomenon. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.

What is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out. Europe’s colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.

The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages.

This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. Monolingualism became an ideal.

More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to “small” languages. A language not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists” in the modern world. It is out of the game.

The serious effects of the death of languages are evident. First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness. We would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of “the first language”. As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.

Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. Imposing a language without any links to a people’s culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius. A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. It also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their imagination and their ways of using knowledge. To safeguard languages is an urgent matter.

74. Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages?

A. Colonial conquests of Europe.

B. The boom of human population.

C. Advances in science and industrialization.  

D. The rise of nation-states.

75. What does the underlined word “stifles” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?

A. boosts

B. fuels

C. imposes

D. kills

76. The serious effects of the death of languages include all except that____________.

A. people would fail to understand how languages originated.

B. language diversity would become an obstacle to globalization.

C. monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalism.

D. human brains would become less creative linguistically.

77. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?

A. To explain the reasons why languages are dying out.

B. To warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.

C. To call people’s attention to the urgency of language preservation.

D. To argue how important it is for people to speak more languages.

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

The launch of the UK’s biggest online university venture has the potential to “revolutionise conventional models of formal education” and keep UK ahead in the global race to deliver the best education, says universities minister David Willetts.

The FutureLearn project will see more than 20 institutions enter the global market to offer massive open online courses, or Moocs. Until now, the US has led the way in the creation of Moocs, catering to an estimated 3 million learners worldwide with hundreds of courses from a range of top institutions.

Bath, Exeter, Birmingham, Edinburgh and Warwick are among the 21 UK universities that have signed up. The British Library, British Museum and British Council will also make material available to students. The venture, set up by the Open University, is a response to the rise of Moocs and will offer students a new and innovative way to access courses, says Martin Bean vice-chancellor of the Open University. Bean said, “Time and again we have seen the impact the Internet can have on industries —driving innovation and enhancing the customer experience. I have no doubt Moocs will do the same for education —offering people new and exciting ways to learn.”

A senior academic at University College London —which has chosen not to be involved in FutureLearn —has questioned whether the Mooc model is the best road for universities to go down. Although free for students, online courses have some downsides. Stephen Caddick, professor at the university, says students want flexibility above all. “Moocs are an online product of higher education currently experienced offline by a lot of students: inflexible”, said Caddick. “These courses are free to students, yet very expensive to develop for universities. ”

Simon Nelson, CEO of FutureLearn, said university partners see this opportunity as “money extremely well spent”, helping them to boost their global profile and encourage experimentation and innovation within university departments. According to Nelson, FutureLearn will continue to expand its number of partners both in the UK and overseas, as well as develop its commercial model, which in the future could see students paying to take exams and purchase extra course material.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements inNO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)

78. Besides revolutionizing traditional educational models, FutureLearn has the potential to ______________________.

79. How many learners all over the world have benefited from the online courses offered by American universities?

80. What are the two downsides of online courses mentioned by Stephen Caddic?

81. What is the plan for FutureLearn according to Nelson?

第II 卷(共47分)

I. Translation

Directions: Translatethefollowing sentences into English,using the words given inthe brackets.

1.  这家花店里面的鲜花一应俱全。(available)

2.  大家都认为很多自然灾害与非法砍伐树木息息相关。(It)

3.  你书看得越多,就越有可能接触到不同的文化。(expose)

4.  获悉自己被一所理想大学录取时,他才松了一口气。(Not until…)

5.  虽然这个角色在电影中是个失败者,但他战胜困难的决心一直激励着年轻观众去追求自己的梦想。(inspire)

II. Guided Writing

Directions:Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

目前,某某学校正在开展推选“校园形象大使”(image ambassador on campus)活动。假定你是该校的一名学生,请以书信的形式向校长推荐一位同学或者进行自荐,并结合具体事例阐明推荐的理由。(信中请勿出现具体校名和姓名)

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