【考点7】since 的用法
▲ 搭配：ever since自从那时起一直到现在；since then
从那时起，常与完成时连用；比较：from then on从那时
起．常与一般过去时连用；after that从那以后，表示过
去某一事件后。但并不延续到现在，常与一般过去时连
用。
After that he didn't say anything to other people. 从那
以后，他和其他人什么也没说过。
【考例7】(2004上海) The first use of atomic weapons
was in 1 945，and their power ____ increased enor-
mously ever since.
A. is B. was
C. has been D. had been
[考查目标] 考查时态在具体语境中的用法。
[答案与解析]C ever since暗示应该使用现在完成时
态，强调对现在的影响和产生的结果。
【考点6】stop的用法
▲ 搭配：
① put a stop to 制止
② come to a (sudden，complete) stop (突然) 停了
③ bring sth to a stop 使……停止，使……终止
▲ 句型：
① sb / sth stop
② sb stop sb / sth
③ sb stop to do sth = sb stop and do sth 停止某事而去
做另一件事
④ stop doing sth停止做原来的某事
⑤ sb / sth stop sb / sth (from) doing sth / being done
阻止某人做某事／阻止某事被做
▲辨析1：avoid；prevent；stop
三词均意为“避免”，但avoid意为“避开，避免”，指避开
人为的或自然产生的情况或结果。其后可接名词或动
词。prevent意为“阻止，避免”，多指使用预防性或阻止
性的措施来反对、阻止某事。其后可接名词、代词、动
名词复合结构。常用的句型为：prevent...from。stop
意为“阻止，避免”，与prevent相近，常用的句型为：stop
...(from)，在被动句中from不能省略。例如：
I crossed the street to avoid meeting my father. 我穿过
马路以免遇到爸爸。
These rules are intended to prevent accidents. 这些规章
旨在防止事故发生。
Her parents are trying to stop me seeing her. 她父母企
图阻止我见她。
▲辨析2：pause；stop
两词均意为“停止”，但pause表示“停顿”的意思，指暂
时停止。stop表示“停止。阻止”的意思，应用比较广
泛。多用于口语中，其后面跟动名词或动词不定式，所
表达的意思完全相反(见上)。
【考例6】(MET 1990)She reached the top 0f the hill
and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the
path.
A. to have rested B. resting
C. to rest D. rest
[考查目标] 考查 stop 的用法。
[答案与解析]C stop to do 表示“停下来做另外一件
事情”；stopdoing sth 则表示“停止做原来的事情”。从
上下文看应该选用to do sth。
3. via
1) prep. by way of (sth.); through 经由，途经
to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin
由北京经由天津去上海
go from London to Washington via New York
2) by means of 通过；凭借
I sent a message to Mary via her brother.
我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。
【考点4】wound 的用法
▲ 构词：wounded adj. 受伤的
▲搭配：receive a wound = be wounded 受伤
▲辨析：damage；destroy；harm；hurt；injure；ruin；
spoil；wound
这几个词都有“伤害”的意思。damage指伤害人或物而
使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观。该词也可作名词，
多用于自然灾害中的损害，相当于harm。destroy指具
体的或抽象的事物受到彻底损坏而很难恢复，故常用
来指“破坏、毁坏、摧毁”。harm常用于口语，一般只作
及物动词，表示对……有害／损害，特指伤及一个人或
其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使之产生痛苦、损失或
某种不幸遭遇。其名词为harm，只能作不可数名词，意
为“损害、伤害”。hurt一般用语，既可以指肉体上的，
也可以指精神上的，还可表示在事故中受伤。其名词
为hurt，尤指精神上或感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛。
injure主要指在事故中受伤。其名词是injury，平时的
大小创伤或伤害，还可指事故中的伤害。rum多用于
借喻中，有时泛指一般的“弄坏了”。spoil“损害，损坏，
破坏”，指原来的质量、结构、安排、打算等遭到损害、破
坏，而使某物无用或不能令人满意。wound常指在战
争、暴力或灾害中受伤，也可指精神上的创伤。其名词
是wound，指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口。例如：
His wife had an accident and damaged her bike. 他的妻
子遇到了意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。
The heavy storms destroyed a good part of our crops.
几场暴雨把大部分庄稼都毁坏了。
He didn't mean to harm you. 他不是故意伤害你的。
I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我本没想要伤害你
的感情。
There were tWO people injured in the car accident. 有两
个人在车祸中受了伤。
He ruined himself by gambling. 他因赌博毁了自己。
Our holidays were spoilt by bad weather. 我们假日的乐
趣被恶劣天气破坏了。
The enemy fired and wounded some of our soldiers. 敌
人开枪伤了我们的战士。
【考例4】(2001上海) A bullet hit the soldier and he was
wounded in ____ leg.
A. a B. one C. the D. his
[考查目标]考查固定搭配。
[答案与解析]C 本题考查动词wound sb. + 介词 in +
the+身体的某一部位的固定搭配。
11. 表示态度、语气的评注性状语归类：
generally speaking 一般说来
strictly speaking 严格说来
honestly speaking 诚实地说来
personally speaking 就我个人而言
exactly speaking 准确地说来
to tell you the truth 说实话
to be honest 老实说
believe it or not 信不信由你
judging from his appearance 从他的相貌来说
上述用法系固定搭配，动词形式不因句子结构而变
化，使用时应特别注意。如：
Personally speaking, he is fit for the work.
我个人认为他胜任这项工作。
To be honest, I don't appreciate the style.
坦率讲，我不喜欢这种风格。
Believe it or not, she'll no long be here.
信不信由你，她不会再来这里了。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(wound, stop, lack, manage, free, prevent, since, re—
member, persuade)
1. You are ____ to express whatever you want to at
the meeting.
2. Do you think we'll ____ to finish the work by
Friday?
3. There is a ____ of skilled labour in that country．
4. We all tried to ____ him smoking in the room.
but he wouldn't listen t0 us．
5. ____ to mail my letter.
6. -- What was the party like?
-- Wonderful. It's years ____ l enjoyed myself so
much.
7. The number of deaths from heart disease will be re—
duced greatly if people ____ to eat more fruit
and vegetables.
8. No one can ____ the plan from being carried out．
9. Gunmen killed two people and ____ six others in
an attack today.
【短语归类】
【考点l】与as有关的短语
① as with sb / sth / doing 如同……一样
② as for 至于；就……而言
③ as to 关于
④ as far as 就……而论；据……
⑤ as good as 几乎已经，实际已经
⑥ as follows 如下
⑦ as a whole 总的来说
⑧ as a rule 一般说来，通常
⑨ as a / the result of 由于
⑩ as usual 像往常一样
[例句] As with swimming, riding a bicycle does good to
our health. 像游泳一样，骑自行车对我们的健康有好
处。
I enjoy going to the movies．But as for the theater, I
prefer staying at home. 我喜欢看电影，但至于看戏，我
宁可呆在家里。
I want your advice as to what I ought to do with Mr.
Ernest．关于怎样和俄尼斯特先生打交道，我需要你的
高见。
【考例1】I enjoy going t0 the movies ____ the thea—
tres.
A. as for B. as with
C. as to D. as from
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语的辨义问题。
[答案与解析]B as from 从……时起。题意是：我喜
欢看电影像喜欢看戏剧一样。
【考点2】与 chance 有关的短语
① take every chance 利用机会；碰运气 (=take a
chance, take chances)
② by chance = by accident 偶然地；无意中
③ by any chance 万一
[例句]Don't take chances by driving too fast. 不要开快
车来冒险。
I'll take my chance of being captured by the enemy. 我
要冒着被敌人抓到的危险碰碰运气。
【考例2】That's a chance I'll have to ____.
A. make B. take
C. try D. play
[考查目标] 此题主要考查固定短语的搭配问题。
[答案与解析]B 在take a chance 短语中，不可用其他
动词。
13. in case of (in case) 以防，假使
In case of her being out, you may leave a massage.
假如她不在家你可留张便条。
What shall we do in case he is absent at the meeting?
万一他不来开会我们怎么办?
Take your raincoat, just in case.
带上雨衣以防下雨。
[注意](1) in case of接名词或相当于名词的成分；in
case引导句子或单独使用，上面句子中just in case
相当于just in case of rain。类似用法还有in this /
that case (要是这样 / 那样的话)，如：
In that case，we will not go with you.
要是情况是那样的话，我们就不和你一起去了。
(2) in 与 ease 搭配也常表示“在……情况下”主要有
以下词组：
in any case( 在任何情况下)
in all cases (在所有情况下)
in a particular case (在特殊情况下)
in some case (在某种情况下)
in no case( 在任何情况下都不，决不)
如：In no case, can I lend money to him.
在任何情况下我都不会借钱给他。
12. in honor of (in sb's honor) 为了……纪念／庆祝，对
……表示敬意／欢迎
A banquet was given in honor of the visiting president.
举行宴会欢迎来访的总统。
A birthday party is being planned in our teacher's
honor.
正在为我们的老师筹划一个生日聚会。
试比较：for the honor of... (为了……荣誉)
He will try his best for the honor of his school.
他会为学校的荣誉而努力。
类似用法 in memory of (为了……纪念)，如：
The statue was built in memory of Mr. LuXun.
这个雕塑是为纪念鲁迅先生而建的。
14. make sure: to establish something without doubt;
make certain 弄清楚；确保
Make sure he writes it down.
让他一定记下来。
sure adj. (常与of，that连用) 确信的；肯定的
Please make sure that the house is locked before you
leave.
请你确信是锁上房间后才离开的。
I'm not sure about the practicality of their plan.
我还无法确定他们的那个计划的可行性如何。
We are sure to benefit from the new timetable.
我们肯定会得益于新的作息时间表。
There's sure to be a fuss when the owner of the house
finds the window's broken.
房子的主人发现窗子被人打破时准会大吵大闹的。
sure adv. 一定地；必定地；无疑地
It sure was cold.
的确是冷。
The teacher makes sure, too, that the child gets
enough rest and play, along with his education.
教师还要保证每个孩子在接受教育的同时有充分
的时间休息和游戏。
He said he would come with his wife, and sure enough
he did.
他说他会带着妻子一起来的，果然他们来了。
-
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