【考例5】[2004 全国卷Ⅳ] Alice returned from the
manager's offic, ____ me that the boss wanted to
see me at once．
A. having told B. tells
C. t0 tell D. telling
[考查目标] 本题考查tell的词义和语法变化。
[答案与解析]D 这是作为补充说明的现在分词短语
用法，tell在本句的句意是“告诉”。若用having told
表示的则是“前提”，而不是补充说明。
【考点3】touch 的用法
▲ 构词：touching adj. 动人的，令人同情的，令人感伤
的
▲ 搭配：
① get in touch with 和……取得联系
② keep / stay in touch with 和……保持联系 ，
③ lose touch with 和……失去联系，对……变得生疏
④ out of touch with 同……失去联系，无……的消息
【考例3】[2004重庆] She ____ the burned side of
her face.
A. pointed B. showed
C. wiped D. touched
[考查目标] 本题考查touch的意思。
[答案与解析]D touch意思是“触摸”的意思。本句的
句意是“她触摸了她滚烫的脸”。
2. vary vt. & vi. 变化，改变，变更；相异
A good driver varies the speed of his car according to
the condition of roads.
优秀的司机会依照路况变换车子的速度。
These sweaters vary in size / color.
这些毛衣有各种不同的尺寸／颜色。
Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.
对于这件事，人人意见不一。
My doctor said I should vary my diet more.
医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。
[拓展]various adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的
variety n. 多变性，多样性；种种
【考点6】warn 的用法
▲ 构词：warning n. 警告；预告，通知；借鉴，反面教
材，教训
▲搭配：
① warn sb of / about sth 提醒／警告某人有……
② warn sb against sth 提醒／警告某人提防……
③ warn sb against doing sth 提醒／警告某人不要……
④ warn sb(not)to do sth 提醒／警告某人(不要)……
⑤ warn sb that-clause 提醒／警告／预先通知某人……
⑥ give sb warning 预先通知某人(特指解雇、辞职、退租
等)
⑦ without warning 突然
【考例6】[NMET 1996] The patient was warned ____
oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not
C. not to eat D. not eating
[考查目标] 本题考查warn的宾语补语形式。
[答案与解析]C warn是一个常规动词，后面接动词
的不定式形式作宾语补语。
【考点7】wish的用法
▲搭配：
① wish (sb) to do sth. 希望／想要(某人)……
② wish that-clause 但愿……(从句用were型虚拟语
气)
③ wish for 希望得到，渴望
【考例7】[NME 1991] We ____ each other the
best of luck in the examination.
A. hoped B. wanted
C. expected D. wished
[考查目标] 本题考查wish的词义以及它和近义词的区
别。
[答案与解析] D wish可以表示“祝愿”，后接代词(名
词)宾语，然后接名词(或形容词)宾语补语。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(ahead, vary, touch, manage, step, tell, warn, detail,
wish, risk)
1. Next I'll ask Mr. Green to give some introduction in ____.
2. The twins look the same, so I can't ____ them
from each other.
3. When I left. Tom and his father ____ in.
4. I have ____ you not to be late many times, but
you are this time.
5. This box is not heavy; I can ____ myself.
6. When we saw the film, all of us were ____.
7. Best ____ to all of you, my good friends!
8. Anyone travelling without a passport runs the
____ of being arrested.
9. Few of us knew there was a big bridge 500 meters
【短语归类】
15. cut off 切断、断绝、割掉
Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off
because there was no electricity.
由于没电，许多城市及乡村的水源被切断了。
They killed the bison, cut off the skins and left the
bodies behind to rot.
他们杀死野牛，剥去皮任其尸体腐烂。
[相关短语]
cut down 砍伐，削减，压缩
cut out 删掉，戒掉
cut short 打断，中断，缩短
cut through 穿过
We must cut down our expenses.
我们必须削减开支。
You'd better cut OUt the unimportant details of the
article.
你最好删掉文章中那些无关紧要的细节。
He cut short his tour abroad and returned home.
他缩短了国外行程，回到了国内。
In China, the Tropic of Cancer cuts through
Guangdong province.
在中国，北回归线穿过广东省。
【考点3】含cut的短语
① cut down 砍倒，减少，降低
② cut in 插话，打断
③ cut up 切碎，挫伤
④ cut off 切断，断绝，隔绝
⑤ cut through 抄近路穿
⑥ cut out 割掉，删掉
[例句] He was asking $400 for the ca, but we cut
him down to $350. 这辆汽车他要价400美元，但是我
们把价杀到350美元。
The child kept cutting in while l talked with his father.
这个小孩在我与他父亲讲话时，老插话。
The trees cuts off our view of the sea. 这些树挡住了我
们看大海的视线。
【考例3】(2005湖南) I was just talking to Margarm
when Jackson ____.
A. cut in
B. cut down
C. cut out
D. cut up
[考查目标] 此题主要考查cut短语的用法。
[答案与解析]A 根据句意“我正与玛格丽特谈着话，
杰克逊突然插嘴 (cut in)了。”cut down “砍倒”，cut out
“剪下”“cut up“切碎”，均与句意不符。
7. get through vt.
(1) 做完；读完；写完；吃完
How long does it take you to get through a letter?
你写一封信要花多少时间?
(2) 通过(考试、议案等)
He got through the driving license test last week.
上周他通过了驾驶执照考试。
(3) 穿越；穿过
The alley aheadis narrow, so atruck can't get through
it.
前面的巷子很窄，所以卡车没办法通过。
(4) 给……接通电话
A little patience, and I'll get you through.
耐心一点，我就给你接通电话。
[拓展] get through 也可用作不及物动词，意为“(电
话)接通”。
I called all day yesterday, but I couldn't get through
(to you).
昨天我打了一天电话，但是都没办法联络到你。
【考点2】含give的短语
①give sb. a hand 给某人帮个忙
② give a concert 开音乐会
③ give up 放弃
④ give in 让步，投降
⑤ give birth to 生(孩子)
⑥ give off 发出(蒸汽，光)
⑦ give out 分发，用完，耗尽
⑧ give away 分发，泄露．放弃
⑨ give back 还，恢复
[例句] He gave up his seat to an old woman. 他把座位
让给一个老太太。
The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the
kidnapper's demands. 当局对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让
步的迹象。
Marx's ideas gave birth to communism. 马克思的思想
孕育了共产主义。
【考例2】(2002京、蒙、皖春招)
-- Smoking is bad for your health.
-- Yes, I know. But I simply can't ____.
A. give it up B. give it in
C. give it Out D. give it away
[考查目标]此题主要考查give短语的用法。
[答案与解析]A give up 放弃，戒掉；give in 屈服，让
步；give out 分发；give away 赠送，给予。本段对话讨
论的是有关戒烟的事，最后一句话意思是“但我只是戒
不掉”。
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