1、not...until引导时间状语从句
教材例句
…but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning the bicycle.
句型解读
not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”，表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到until状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。
2、It is /was the first time that…
教材例句
It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
句型解读
It is the first (second…etc) that… (从句谓语动词用现在完成时)
It was the first (second…etc) that… (从句谓语动词用过去完成时)
the first time 可作从属连词用，引导时间状语从句。
如：The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.
3、with的复合结构
教材例句
Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on.
句型解读
with+名词/代词(宾格)+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词在句中常作伴随状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。
例如：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
4.make 后接复合宾语
教材例句
…, so she made her diary her best friend.
句型解读
make 后接复合宾语，宾语补足语须用不带to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词、名词等。常见的有以下几种形式：
(1)make sb. do sth.让(使)某人做某事。
He was made to repeat it.(注意在被动句中，不定式前要加to)
(2) make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物……
We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful.
(3)make sb./ oneself +v-ed 让某人/自己被……
When you speak, you should make yourself understood.
(4) make sb.+n. 使某人成为…
(5) make it n. /adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.
We made him leader of our team. (注意表示职位的名词前不加冠词)
He made it easy for us to understand the text.
5.even if/even though 引导让步状语从句
教材例句
Native speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
句型解读
even if/even though, 意为“即使”，用来引导一个让步状语从句，后面既可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但是even if/even though,引导的从句中不用将来时。如：Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.
6.动词 -ing形式作状语
教材例句
One big change in English usage happened when Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of the English Language，giving American English its own identity.
句型解读
动词-ing形式作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等，通常情况下句子的主语与该动词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由when及while引出。如：Both of his parents died in the war, leaving him alone.
7.连词since引导时间状语从句
教材例句
Since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.
句型解读
连词since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，介词since 与表示过去某一点时间的词语连用，副词since 后不用从句或词语。
It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延续)自从……至今已经多久了。
since then 自从那时至今 ever since 从那以后一直
8、强调句型
教材例句
It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.
句型解读
强调句型It is/was…that/who 的用法归纳如下：
强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。 强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。
含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型:
① 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？
② 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？
9、although/though引导让步状语从句
教材例句
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places,…
句型解读
Although conj. “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。拓展：
① although 从句多在句首， though 从句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 可以作副词用于句末，作“但是，不过”讲，而although 无此用法。
② although 用来陈述事实而不用于假设，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，尽管)中不能用although。
③ though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(将表语、状语、情态动词后的动词原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。
10、once 引导时间状语从句
教材例句
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
句型解读
Once 可作为从属连词，作“一(旦)……就……”解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完成时表将来。
如：Once you have begin you must continue.
Once printed，the book will be very popular。
11.there be 句型
教材例句
Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake.
句型解读
“There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有：
There happen to be 碰巧有
There seems/appears to be 好像有
There is likely to be 可能有
There may/might be 也许有
There must be 一定有
There can’t be 不可能有
There is said/reported to be 据说/据报道有
There used to be 曾经有
There is sure/certain to be 一定有
12.It seems/seemed that…从句
教材例句
It seemed that the world was at an end。
句型解读
从句表示“(在某人)看来好像；似乎”
① It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起来好像…
② Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…(不用seem/appear)
③ There seems/appears(to be)…(不用 look)
There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has been a mistake.
④ It seems so. =So it seems.看来似乎是这样。
13、leave+宾语+宾补
教材例句
句型解读
“leave+宾语+宾补”结构中leave 作为及物动词，可以表示“使保留，让…处于(某种状态、某地等)”。其后接形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、名词或句子等补足语。
如：① I’m sorry I’ve left some questions unanswered.
② He left the windows open.
③ Don’t leave her to cook for 20 minutes.
14、部分否定
教材例句
All hope was lost.
句型解读
该句为部分否定。All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every+名词都表示全部肯定；但当not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none nobody, nothing, not…any, 以及 no+名词都表示全部否定。如：
① Both of them haven’t read this story.
并非他们二人都看过这个故事。
② All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.
这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。
③ All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall.
并非所有的竹子都长的高。
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