【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.
A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste
[考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。
[答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的
名词．而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。
6. effect n. 效果；作用
have an effect on sth.
His words had a great pushing effect on his students.
(1) be of no effect 无效
(2) come into effect 开始生效；开始实行
[比较] affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
7. experience的用法
▲构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的
▲搭配:
① by experience 凭经验；从经验中
② from experience 凭经验；从经验中
③ gain experience in… 获得……经验
④ be experienced in… 某方面有经验
▲友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。
【考例】 (2005山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.
A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents
[考查目标] experience的意思。
[答案与解析] C experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。
8. fear n. & vt.
(1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词)
His face was growing pale with fear.
忧虑；担心的事(可数)
There is no reason for your fears.
for fear of 由于怕……，以防
He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.
for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防
She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
in fear of 害怕；担心
The thief was in fear of the police.
(2) v. 恐惧；害怕，接 n. / pron.
Cats fear big dogs.
恐惧；害怕，接to do
Don't fear to tell the truth.
恐怕；担心，接从句
She feared that she might not find him in his room.
▲构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的
▲搭配：
① be in fear (of) (为……而)提心吊胆
② for fear of 因为怕；以免，怕的是
③ for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生)
④ have a fear that-clause 担心／怕(发生某事)
⑤ with fear 吓得，怕得
⑥ fear (vi.) for... 担心／忧虑……
【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of
C. for fear of D. in search
[考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。
[答案与解析]C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是……。担心……”。
9. fun n. 高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事
(1) for fun 为了高兴；为着好玩
I only did it for fun.
(2) make fun of 开……的玩笑；取笑
It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.
[比较]
(1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑
It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.
(2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑
10. means n. 手段；办法
(1) by means of 用……；依靠……
The water may be carried by means of a pipe.
(2) by all means 一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地
Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.
(3) by no means 完全不是；一点也不；决不
This is by no means the first time you have been late.
还有： by this means 用这种方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段
【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.
A. ways B. offers C. means D．helps
[考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。
[答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。
11. normal adj. 正常的；正规的
the normal temperature, normal behavior
(1) regular 规则的；有规律的
keep regular hours 生活有规律；按时作息
(2) common普通的；常见的
Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的；共同的
have a common interest 有着共同爱好
(3) usual 惯常的；惯例的
It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.
(4) ordinary 平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress
12. once的用法
▲ 搭配：
① all at once 突然；同时
② at once 立刻，马上；同时
③ (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或
④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次； 破例一回
⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次
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