16. speed的用法
▲搭配：
① at a high speed 以很大的速度
② at full / top speed 用全速，开足马力，尽力(快)地；
③ with great / an speed 用全速，开足马力
④ speed up 加速，快点
【考例】We had tried our best but the boss still shouted, " ____!"
A. Speed up B. No hurry
C. Wait a minute D. Slow down
[考查目标]本题考查speed及其构成的短语的意思。
[答案与解析]A speed up意思是“加速，快点”的意思。
17. stare的用法 vi, vt -- stared, staring 凝视，注视
He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant. 他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。
[习惯用语] stare one in the face 近在眼前；摆在眼前
▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare这组动词的一般含义是“凝视”。
gaze表示“目不转睛地看”，并含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, "You don't need bookcases at all." 她对地毯凝视了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜。”
stare 特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢” 或“茫然”的意思。例如：The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. 那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。
glare 表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：The trapped eagle glared at his captors. 被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。
【考例】[NMET 1999] ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
[考查目标] stare 等近义词辨别。
[答案与解析]D watch意思是“观察”，是长时问关注；而stare at却是“盯着”。含有惊奇、傲慢的感情色彩。
18. trouble
(1) 麻烦；烦恼；烦心的事 (可数，不可数) It is a pity to give you so much trouble. / Life is full of troubles.
(2) 困难；费事 (不可数) have trouble with sth. / have trouble (in) doing sth. (= difficulty) Did you have much trouble in finding the post office? / I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.
[相关短语]
(1) ask for trouble 自寻烦恼；自找麻烦 What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble.
(2) (be) in trouble 有烦事；有困难；出事；惹麻烦 He never came except when he was in trouble.
(3) put sb. to trouble 给某人造成麻烦；增添麻烦 I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.
(4) take trouble to do sth. 费心做某事；费心 It was good of you to take the trouble to help us.
[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize)
1. will never forget the ____ given by Mr. Wang, which helped me overcome a lot difficulty.
2. I have made a ___that every department in our company should buy a computer of this kind.
3. I recognized the man the ____ I saw him at the corner.
4. Since it was a bit later，we had to ____ up.
5. We must ____ our success to our parents and teachers.
6. The parents came from the far-away village, making an ____ for their naughty son.
☆词语比较☆
1. win, beat, defeat 表示获胜、取胜的词语
(1) win v. 赢……，获胜，接比赛或奖项 win a game / a prize / an honor / a race. / Our team won the game 8 to 7. / He won by five points. / He won her love at last. / He won the first place in the competition.
(2) beat + 对手，表打败(尤指体育比赛) I can easily beat him at golf.
(3) defeat 表战胜，接对手The enemy was defeated in the battle.
2. in the end, finally, at last
三者均可表示“(经过周折、等待、耽误)最后，终于”之意。不同的是：
finally 一般用在句中动词前面，而 at last 与 in the end 的位置则较为灵活；
三者中at last 语气最为强烈，且可单独作为感叹句使用。After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Dalian. / At last he knew the meaning of life. / At last! Where on earth have you been? / But in the end he gave in.
另外，finally还可用在列举事项时，引出最后一个内容，相当于lastly。 Firstly, we should make a plan; secondly, we should carry it out; finally we should make a conclu- sion.
3. by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea, at sea
(1) by sea “走海路，乘船”，用来表示交通方式，同 by ship 同义。 These heavy boxes should be sent by sea.
(2) by the sea “在海边”，相当于 by (at) the seaside。The children enjoyed themselves by the sea on Children's Day.
(3) in the sea “在海里，在海水中” There are many plants and animals in the sea.
(4) on the sea “在海面上”，“在海岸边”。I want to live in a town with a beautiful position on the sea.
(5) at sea 在海上；在航海 When he woke up, the ship was at sea.
4. be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of (doing) sth.
(1) be afraid 意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后可接 so 或 not，也可接 that 从句。I'm afraid (that) 其语意相当于 I'm sorry, but...。
-- Are we on time? 我们准时吗? -- I'm afraid not. 恐怕不准时。I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.
(2) be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。She is afraid to be here alone. / He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge.
(3) be afraid of (doing) sth. 常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。I was afraid of hurting her feelings.
5. live, living, alive, lively
(1) live adj.
① 活的；活生生的；(只修饰生物；只作前置定语) The laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys.
② 实况直播的 (不是录音)It wasn't a recorded show. It was live.
③ 带电的；燃着的；可爆炸的 This is a live wire.
(2) living adj. 活着的，有生命的(作表语或定语) She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England. / The old man is still living. (或alive)
(3) alive adj. ① 活着的；② 有活力的；有生气
作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive?
作表语：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.
作补语：Let's keep the fish alive.
(4) lively adj. 活泼的；有生气的；活跃的(作表语或定语) The music is bright and lively.
6. take off, take down, take in, take on, take up
(1) take off
① (飞机)起飞 A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.
② 脱下(衣裳等)；取下 He took off his wet shoes. / Who took the knob off the door?
③ 休假；请假；歇工 When his wife was sick he took off from work.
④ (指观念、产品) 大受欢迎；(事业)突然发达，成功The new type of cell phones has really taken off. / His business began to take off when he was in his forties.
(2) take down
① 拿下来；取下来 He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.
② 记下来 He read out the names and his secretary took them down.
(3) take in
① 接受 (房客，客人等)；收留 The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.
② 理解；领会；明白 The boys could not take in his meaning.
③包括；涉及 The study of physics takes in many different subjects.
④使上当；欺骗We were completely taken in by her story.
(4) take on
① 接受；从事(某工作) After his father died, Bill took on the management of the factory.
② 雇用Is the supermarket taking on any more assis- tant?
③ 具有(新面貌、意思等) The city has taken on a new look.
(5) take up
① 从事某项活动；发展某种爱好 So many young men want to take up writing.
② 开始做(某项工作)；开始学习(某个课程) Then she took up the task of getting the breakfast. / He dropped medicine and took up physics.
③ 占去 (时间或空间) The meeting took up the whole morning. / The table takes up too much room.
④ 接受I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town.
7. call for, call on, call up
(1) call for
① 来找(某人)；来取(某物) I'll call for you at your house.
②要求；需要Success in school calls for much hard work.
(2) call on
① call on / upon sb. 拜访；去会(某人) I hope to call on you at your office at 3 o’clock today.
② call on / upon sb. to do sth. 请／叫某人做某事He called upon me to speak immediately.
③ 号召；呼吁；要求 The President called on his people to serve the country.
(3) call up
① 给……打电话 (英 ring up) I tried to call you up last night, but no one answered the phone.
② 征召入役；调用 (后备部队) Three boys in our street were called up last week.
8. too much, much too
(1) too much “太多”之意，可以作形容词，修饰不可数 名词，也可作副词，修饰动词。 There is too much rain here in spring. / She talked too much at the meeting.
(2) much too “简直太，过于”，只能作副词，用来修饰 形容词或别的副词，不能修饰动词。This book is much too difficult for me. / The old man walks much too slowly.
9. custom, habit
(1) custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。They broke some of the old customs. / It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the spring Festival.
(2) habit 指个人生活习惯。“(有)养成……习惯”常
用be in / fall into / get into / form / have the habit of doing sth. 句型；“戒掉……习惯”常用 give up / kick / break away from / get out of the habit of doing sth. 句型。It's easy to get into a bad habit but its hard to give it up. / The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking.
10. arise, rise, raise
raise vt.“使……上升；升起；提高”等；
rise vi.“上升；升起”；
arise vi.“站起来(stand up)”，“起床(get up)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都属正式用法；arise主要表示“出现、发生”等意思。She raised her voice in anger. (抬高) The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. (刮起) The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother. (=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起) She rises before it is light. (起床) Difficulties will arise as we do the work. (出现)
☆短语归纳☆
1. can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事
She couldn't hep smiling.
[比较]
(1) can't help but do 不得不……；不能不 When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get your shoes wet.
(2) cannot but 不能不，只能He could not but feel disappointed.
[归纳]
(1) help (sb.) (to) do sth. Help me get him back to bed at once. / By helping them we are helping save ourselves.
(2) help...with sth. 帮助……做某事 In those days he used to help her mother with her gardening.
(3) help oneself / sb. to sth. 给自己 / 别人夹菜 / 拿烟
等；擅自拿用 May I help you to some more vegetables?
(4) help...in sth. 在……方面帮助某人 She offered to help Rose in the housekeeping when I am not here.
(5) help out 帮忙 (做事；克服困难等) I've often helped Bob out when he's been a bit short of money.
[牛刀小试3]
1. The reason ____ you failed, I think, was ____ you had turned a deaf ear to your mother's advice.
A. that; because B. why; because
C. why; that D. for that; that
2. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. (2004 全国卷I)
A. for which B. at which
C. in which D. on which
3. When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year. (2002 上海春招)
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
4. ____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (2003 上海)
A. The president will attend
B. The president to attend
C. The president attend
D. The president's attending
5. I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (NMET 1990)
A. this B. that C. its D. it
【交际速成】
1. Giving opinions and Making comments 询问看法与作出评价
(2003北京西城)
-- How do you find the talk given by Mr．Smith? -- ____.
A. Very well B. Excited C. Boring D. Not at an
[答案与解析]C 本题考查对事物提出看法或作出评价的用语。A、B两项词法错误，若改为Very good或Exciting，就可回答提问了。D项不合语境。此句完整为：(It's) Boring.
【归纳】英语中询问看法的用语有：
① How do you like / find...?
② What do you think of / about...?
③ What do you feel about...?
2. Describing sequences按次序描述事件发生的过程
Mother first did some washing and then did some cooking, ____ she had a rest.
A. finally B. in the end
C. by the end D. at last
[答案与解析] A 本题考查如何描述事情发生的顺序。finally 用于在列举一系列内容之后。要引出最后一项内容的场合；也可与at last互换，表示所盼望的事迟迟到来。in the end强调结果。有时可与口at last意义相同。
【归纳】英语中常见描述事件发生次序的用语有：
① First,.... Next,....Then.... Finally, ....例如:
First, we went to Leshan. Next, we climbed Mount Emei. Then we played with some moneys. Finally, towards evening we were on the way back to Chengdu.
② What did you do next?
3. Thanks致谢
(2002北京) -- It's been a wonderful evening, Thank you very much. -- ____.
A. My pleasure B. I'm glad to hear that
C. No, thanks D. It's OK
[答案与解析]A 本题考查英语中如何表达感谢及应答。My pleasure是回答感谢的客套话。
【归纳】英语中表达感谢的用语有：
① Thank you (very much).
② Thanks a lot.
③ Thank you for your help.
④ It's very kind / nice of you.
⑤ Many thanks.
⑥ I appreciate your help.
⑦ I can never thank you enough.
⑧ I'm extremely grateful to you.
应答用语有：
① It's a pleasure.
② My pleasure.
③ That's OK / all right.
④ You're welcome.
⑤ Not at all.
⑥ Don't mention it.
⑦ No trouble at all (没什么).
⑧ At your service (愿为你效劳).
⑨ Think nothing of it.
[牛刀小试4]
1. -- Thank you ever so much for your help. -- ____.
A. Glad to hear that B. Not worth thanking
C. Think nothing of it D. You're too polite
2. -- How did you find your visit to the museum, Jane?
-- ____.
A. Oh, wonderful, indeed B. By taking a No. 3 bus
C. I went there alone
D. A classmate of mine showed me the way
3. -- ____ the articles of Times? -- I'm not sure. I glanced through them but I haven't formed an opinion yet.
A. How do you think of B. What did you like
C. How did you like D. What do you think of
4. -- Thank you very much for the meal. -- Not at all. ____.
A. I'm very glad to hear that B. I'm glad you could come
C. Make yourself at home D. With pleasure
☆精典题例☆
1. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (2003年上海)
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
【解析】选B take和drug是动宾关系，要用过去分词作状语。可看作是when it is taken的省略。
2. Unless ____ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference. (2003年春季上海)
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
【解析】选A you与invite是动宾关系，要用过去分
词invited作状语。
3. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
【解析】选D once begun 在句中作状语；once这里是连词，“一旦”。
4. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004年 湖北)
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
【解析】选D 相当于when it is compared。
5. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (2004年 上海)
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
【解析】选B not only...but also引导的并列句；以not only开头的句子要部分倒装。
6. ____, he used to helped his father on the farm.
A. When was a boy B. As he was a boy
C. As a boy D. During a boy
【解析】选C as在这里是连词；as a boy = when (he was) a boy。
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高中英语知识点：如何用英语表达感冒相关语句
英语学习我们要能够学以致用，而不是那种哑巴英语。能够讲英语应用到我们日常生活中就是成功的。比如说感冒，在英语中就有多种表示方法，我们不妨来看一看。
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