[短语]
by force 靠武力，强行 be in force 生效
come / go into force 生效 put in / into force 使生效
force one's way 强行前进或进入
11. hurry 的用法
▲ 构词：
① hurried adj. 匆忙的
② hurriedly adv. 仓促地．慌忙地
▲ 搭配：
① in a hurry 匆忙地
② in no hurry 不忙，有充分的时间；不急于
③ no hurry 不忙．不必着急，有充裕的时间
④ hurry up 快点，赶紧做；催促(快点)
▲ 辨析：hurry; haste; speed 均含“动作上的快速”的意思。
hurry 指“动作不轻松、不自然的快，有时表示不必要的快”，并且常有“忙乱仓促”的意思。例如：In her hurry she forgot to leave her address. 在匆忙中，她忘了留下地址。
haste 着重“想办法赶快”的意思，并常表示“匆忙的动作。有时动作过分仓促而不能得到预期的结果”。例如：All his haste was of no use. 他白忙了。/ Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。
speed 指“人(物)快捷(速)的动作”。例如：It is dangerous to corner at speed. 高速转弯是危险的。
【考例】[2004湖南] When l there ____ I apologized for being late, and told him I'd come as quickly as I could,...
A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried
[考查目标] 考查几个与“走”有关的近义词的区别。
[答案与解析]D 从上下文看，当时，是”匆忙”的。
12. lie的用法
▲构词：liar n. 说谎者
▲搭配：
① lie down 躺下；磨洋工；停止战斗
② lie in 在于；位于
③ tell a lie = tell lies 撒谎
【考例】[2002北京] I would ____ very still so that the "enemy" would not discover me.
A. lay B. hide C. rest D. lie
[考查目标]本题考查lie，lay等几个相近词的区别。
[答案与解析]D lie是动词原形，意思是“躺”或“撒谎”。在本句中是“躺”的意思。
13. measure 的用法
▲ 搭配：
① make sth to sb's measure 按某人的尺寸制作某物
② take measures 采取措施 ③ beyond / above measure 无法估量地；无限的，极度地，非常，极为
【考例】[2004天津] I realized strength and courage aren't always ____ in medals and victories, but in the struggle we overcome.
A. measured B. praised C. tested D. increased
[考查目标] 本题考查measure的意思。
[答案与解析]A measure的基本词义是“衡量，量”。
14. press vt. & vi. 按，压，夹 n. 压力，印刷机，新闻界 Press this button to start the engine. 按下这个按钮启动发动机。/ My shoes presses my toe. 我的鞋挤脚趾。/ The power of the press is very great. 舆论的力量是巨大的。
[拓展] pressure n. 劳累，紧张；pressing adj. 紧迫的，恳切的
[短语] be pressed for time / money 缺时间／钱；press on 加紧赶路，奋力前进；in the press 正在印刷
15. reduce vt. & vi 减少，缩减，减化
reduce prices 降低价格
reduce air pollution 减少空气污染
reduce one's weight 减肥
reduce noise 减少噪音
[注意]reduce 作不及物动词时，仅作“减肥”讲。I must reduce to get into that dress. 我必须减肥才能穿上那条裙子。
[拓展]reduce...to 使……陷入不良状况；把……归纳成；把……降职为(to为介词) He was reduced to begging for food. 他沦落到讨饭的地步。
[短语] order 使……恢复秩序；整理
reduce...to silence使安静，使沉默下来
tears 使哭了起来
16. remind
(1) vt. 提醒
① remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人某物；提醒某人注意某事Be sure to remind her of the meeting she has to attend. 务必提醒她要参加那次会议。
② remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事Please remind me to post the letter. 请提醒我寄那封信。
③ remind sb. that-clause 提醒某人…… She reminded me that I hadn't written to mother. 她提醒了我，我还没给妈妈写信。
(2) vt. 使(人)想起，使记起
① remind sb. of sb. / sth. 使……想到某人或某物 He reminds me of his father. 看到他使我想起他的父亲。
② remind sb. that-clause 使人回忆起…… The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看到钟使我想起我已经晚了。
【考例】[2000上海春招]what you said just now ____ me of that American professor.
A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized
[考查目标] remind基本用法。
[答案与解析]C remind表示“提醒；让……想起”。
17. wonder v. 惊奇，惊叹，对……感到惊奇，想知道
[C] 奇迹，奇观奇事I wondered that he couldn't answer such an easy question. 他竟然回答不出这样简单的问题，真让我感到奇怪。/ I don't wonder at her refusing to marry him. 她拒绝嫁给他，对此我一点也不奇怪。/ It is really a wonder that he can recover from the SARS. 他能从非典型性肺炎中康复真是一个奇迹。
▲ 构词：wonderful adj. 令人惊奇的．奇妙的，极好的，令人愉快的
▲ 搭配：
① what a wonder! 多么令人惊异!真想不到!
② It is a wonder that... 奇怪的是……
③ (It's) no / little / small wonder (that…) 难怪…，…并不奇怪It's no wonder that you are so happy. 难怪你这么高兴。
④ do / perform / work wonders 创造奇迹，取得惊人成就
【考例】(2005湖北) He hasn't slept at all for three days. ____ he is tired out.
A. There is no point B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder D. It is no way
[考查目标] 考查 wonder 的词义。
[答案与解析]C “他已经三天没有睡觉了，现在筋疲力尽也不足为奇。”根据句意，答案选C。 no wonder 表示“不足为奇的”；no point 表示“没有意义”；no need表示“没有……的必要”；no way 表示“决不”。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(lie, remind, case, depend, add, measure, hurry)
1. The Smiths said they would take ____ to repair the windows by themselves.
2. There's plenty of time left; No ____.
3. The policemen rushed into the bedroom, only to find the couple ____ on the bed, dead.
4. -- Would you like to go swimming with Jack and Jim?
-- That ____.
5. The heavy storm ____to our trouble in the long marching, besides we were too tired.
6. When I couldn't remember the exact words, my brother ____ me of them.
7. I know there's no need to take so much money with me, but still I want to bring some in ____.
☆短语归类☆
1. 含 as 的短语
① as usual 像平常一样
② as if / as though 好像
③ as long as 长达……；只要
④ as soon as possible 尽可能早地，尽快
⑤ as well 也，又，同样地
⑥ as often as 每次．每当
⑦ as a / the result of 作为……的结果
⑧ as well as 也，还，和……一样好
⑨ as soon as 一……就……．和……一样快
⑩ as far as 和……一样远，就……，尽……
may / might as well 不妨
as a result 结果，因此
[例句] As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked around. 她仿佛茫然不知身在何处，犹犹豫豫向
四周张望。/ As long as it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go fishing. 只要明天不下雨，我们就去钓鱼。/ The flight was delayed as the result of fog. 因为有雾该 航班误点。/ She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是摄影师还是个天才音乐家。/ His parents supported him as far as they could. 他父母竭尽全力抚养他。/ As often as I tried to phone him, the line was engaged. 每次我给他打电话都占线。
【考例】(2003北京) ____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个单词或短语的意思及用法。
[答案与解析]C even though / if 即使；unless 如果
不；as long as 只要；while 当……时候。本句话意思是
“只有我知道这些钱是安全的，我就不担心了”。
【考例】(2005湖南) The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ____ I did.
A. as much as B. as long as
C. as soon as D. as far as
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。
[答案与解析] A A项as much as (和……一样多)符合题意：“我越想他就越发现有更多的理由让我像从前一样地爱他。”
2. at present 目前；presently 副词，相当于soon，意思是“不久”；for the present 眼下，暂时 (= for the moment)。At present, he is on holiday. 目前，他在度假。 / I will finish the work presently. 我就要完成这个工作。/ He is busy writing a book for the present. 他眼下正忙于写书。
另外，be present at 到场，出席，反义词 be absent from 缺席；present 还作后置定语，意思是“到场的，在座 的”；present 用作名词“礼物，赠品”。All but one were present at the meeting last night. 除了一人外，大家都出席了昨天晚上的会议。Present at the meeting were the leading members of the departments concerned. 有关部门的负责人出席了会议。
11. come up with 提出，找到(答案)；赶上
He came up with a new suggestion.
他提出一项新建议。
Let's go slowly so that the others may come up with
咱们慢慢走，好让其他人赶上来。
[注意]come up 意为“被提出”，主语是物。
Some practical suggestions came up at the meeting.
会上提出了一些可行性建议。
3. die out绝种，灭种 Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish.如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，那么它们不久就会灭绝。
[拓展] die out 还可表示“熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失”。Many old customs are dying out. 许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。
[链接] die off 一个个死掉 (或枯死) / die away 渐消；平息 / die down 平息；变弱 / die for 急切想要 / die from 因……致死，死于(外因) / die of 死于(内因)
4. 含“in + 名词”构成的短语
① in fact 事实上
② in case (of) 假使，以防，万一
③ in surprise 惊讶地，惊奇地，吃惊地
④ in general 一般，大体上
⑤ in total 总共
⑥ in all 总共
⑦ in future 从今以后
⑧ in particular 尤其，特别是
⑨ in trouble 处于困境
⑩ in time 及时，总有一天
? in a hurry 匆忙地
? in front of 在……前面
?in the open air 在户外，在野外
? in front 前方，正对面
? in the future 将来
? in the end 最后
? in the day 在白天
? in danger 在危险中，垂危
? in the wild 在自然环境中
? in ruins 成为废墟，遭到严重破坏
? in a word 总之
[例句] No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did win the prize. 没有人相信，但的确玛丽获奖了。/ Do you think we can get there in time for the first act? 你认为我们能赶上看第一幕吗? / When he was in trouble, he always turned to me for help. 他有困难时。总是向我求助。/ In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop. 和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐胜过流行音乐。/ If you keep on doing so, you will regret in time. 如果你总是这样做，总有一天你会后悔的。/ In general, her work has been good, but his essay is dreadful. 总的说来，她的作品不错，不过他的文章糟透了。/ The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。/ In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. 万一他在我回来前到达，请让他等我。
【考例】(NMET 2000) I don't think I'll need any money but I will bring some ____.
A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time
[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的用法。
[答案与解析]B at last 终于，最后；once again 再次；in time 及时，总有一天；in case 万一。本句话意思是“我认为我们不需要钱，但是为预防万一，我还是要带点”。
5. in case of 是介词短语，意为“在(有坏事的)情况下”， “万一发生……”。① In case of fire, phone the police.万一发生火灾，就给警察打电话。② The match will be put off in case of rain. 万一下雨，比赛就延期。
[拓展] in case单独使用时，可用作状语，也可引起从 句，意为“以免，以防”。 ③ Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting. 坐出租车吧，以防开会迟到。 ④ I'll keep some of these unused in case. 这些不用的东西我要留一些，以防万一。
[注意]in case 引起的从句表示条件，所以从句中不用将来时态，但可用should，might。⑤ Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。
[相关短语] in no case 决不(置于句首，句子用倒装) / in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 / in that case 如果那样 ⑥ In no case should you give up. 你绝不应该放弃。/ ⑦ In any case, do it better. 无论如何，要尽力而为。/ ⑧ In that case he would have telephoned the restaurant. 那样的话他本来会给餐馆打电话的。
[提示]case可表达多种意义：⑨ That isn't the case with Peter. 彼得的情况并不如此。(情况，情形) ⑩ The worst cases have been sent to hospital.情况最严重的患者已被送往医院。(患者，病人) ? The case will be tried in the court next week. 下周要审这个案子。(案情，案例)
6. in danger在危险中
[短语]in danger of有……的危险
out of danger 脱离危险
full of danger 充满危险的
a danger to society 社会的危险人物／事物
[拓展]dangerous 危险的，指给别人造成危险
The boy is seriously iIl and his life is in danger.那个男孩病得很重，生命垂危。He has been very ill. The doctor says that he is now out of danger.他一直病得很厉害，医生说他现在已脱离了危险。
7. make a difference 造成差别，有影响
make a big difference = make much difference 造成很大差别
make no / little difference 没有差别
make some / any difference 有些差别
Who will win makes no difference to me.谁将获胜对于我来说没什么两样。= It makes no difference to me who will win. / Does it make any difference whether he will come? 他来不来会有差别吗?
8. stay in touch with = keep in touch with 与……保持联系(状态) The salesman stays / keeps in touch with the office by phone. 推销员通过电话与办公室保持联系。
[短语]be in touch with 和…有联系(状态)；get in touch with 和…取得联系(动作) ；lose touch with 和…失去联系(动作)；be out of touch with 和…失去联系(状态)
9. take measures
(1) measure ① 名词“措施，办法”，take measures to do something 采取措施做某事；②名词“最度，尺寸” make clothes to one's own measure 根据某人的尺寸做衣服；名词“计量单位”。We must take necessary measures to solve these problems one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决这些问题。/ I went to the tailor's to make a suit to my own measure last week. 上周我去裁缝店量体做一套衣服。/ A meter is a measure of length. 米是长度单位。
(2) measure 既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，意思是“量，测量”。 My mother is measuring me for clothes. 我妈妈在给我量尺寸做衣服。/ It measures easily if spread on the table. 要是把它铺在桌子上，量起来可更容易些。
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