(5) travel泛指旅行各地，表示“旅行的路途远，时问
长”。
He came home after years 0f foreign travel.
多年在旧外旅行之后他回来r。
2. alone, lonely
(1) alone 既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意为“独
自的(地)，单独的(地)”，侧重于说明独自一个人，没
有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。
① alone 用作形容词时，一般与be动词连用，在句中
作表语。例如：
She is alone at home. 她一个人在家。
He is not alone in this idea.
有这种想法的不只是他一个人。
② alone 用作副词时，修饰动词，放于动词后面作状
语。
Han Mei was reading alone when the teacher came into
the classroom.
③ alone用作副词也可作定语，意为“只有，仅仅”，但
必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
He alone was in the street.
This year alone, we've already planted ten thousand
trees.
(2) lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，又可
作表语，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”意思，该词带有浓厚
的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的含义，其比较级
形式为lonelier。
① lonely 用作定语时，意为“孤单的，无伴侣的，荒凉
的，偏僻的”。
At heart, I'm a lonely man. 内心深处，我很孤独。
That's a lonely island. 那足个孤岛。
② lonely用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的，寂寞的”意
思。
We never feel lonely in America.
在美国我们从不觉得孤独。
I was alone, but I didn't feel lonely.
我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。
3. almost, nearly
(1) almost一般指事实的陈述，而nearly则带有一定
的感情色彩。
The book cost me almost 30 yuan. (只陈述事实)
The honk costme nearly 30 yuan. (指嫌贵的意思)
(2) almost 后可跟never, no, none, nobody, nothing
等具有否定意义的词，而nearly不能。
Almost noone got to school on time yesterday.
(3) 在more than, any, too之前通常用almost，而不
用nearly。
Almost more than ten students failed in the exam.
不及格的学生几乎不止十个。
(4) nearly之前可用very, not, pretty修饰，而almast
则不能。
It's very nearly dark. Let's go home.
灭怏黑了，咱们刚家吧!
[注意] 有时almost与nearly町以互换，但如果要表
达“差一点儿”，还足用almost确切。
【短语归类】
7. around the corner 就在附近，即将来临，发生
Victory is just around the comer; make one more
effort.
胜利即将来临，再努一把力。
The bank is around the comer, you can't miss it.
银行就在附近，你不会错过它的。
[拓展] cut corners 偷工减料
cut the corner 抄近路
6. die down 变弱，渐熄，逐渐消失
The excitement died down as time went by.
随着时间的过去，激动心情渐渐平息下来。
The noise has died down. 喧闹声小下来了。
The wind has died down obviously. 风已明显减弱了。
[拓展] die out 死光，灭绝，消失
The fire died out. 火灭了。
die away 指(风，声音) 逐渐消失
The noises of the bovs died away.
男孩子们的吵闹声消失了。
die for 为……而死；渴望；切望
【考点l】含"make + 介词／副词”的短语
① make for 走向，有助于
② make into 把……制成
③ be made from / of / in / by / out of 由……制成
④ make up 弥补，拼凑成，组成，铺(床)。捏造．虚构
⑤ make out 填写，完成，设法应付，领悟，弄明白，发现
真相
⑥ make over 转让，改造
[例句] How did he make out while his wife was away?
他妻子不在家时他足怎么生活的?
We made up the bed in the spare room for our guest. 我
们在空着的房间里给客人铺好床。
I couldn't remember a story to tell the children, so I
made one up as I went along. 我想不出有什么故事可给
孩子讲了，只好现编现讲。
We are making our attic into an extra bedroom. 我们正
在把阁楼装成一间额外的卧室。
Constant arguing doesn't make for a happy marriage. 经
常争吵不利于维系美满的婚姻。
【考例1】(2003北京春招) The idea puzzled me so much
that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____.
A. make it out B. make it off
C. make it up D. make it over
[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的意思。
[答案与解析]A make out领悟。弄明白。发现真相；
make off连忙跑掉；make up弥补。打扮，组成；make
over转让，改造。本句意为：因为受到迷惑。所以应该试
图发现真相。
9. make up 组成，构成，补充，编造
The workers and peasants make up the majority of the
populationn of our country.
工人和农民占我国人口的大多数。
We must make up his loss somehow.
我们必须想办法弥补他的损失。
The whole story is made up.
这个事情完全是虚构出来的。
The actor made himself uD as an old peasant.
这个演员把自己化装成一个老农民。
8. take up 对……产生兴趣；从事；占用
Her time is fully taken uD with writing.
她的时间完全被写作占满了。
This table takes uD too much room.
这张桌子太占地方。
[拓展] bring up 抚养，教育come up 上来，抬头
eat up 吃光 end up 结束 keep up 保持 make up
组成，弥补 pick up 拣起 put up 张贴 stay up 熬
夜，挺住 set up 建立 turn up 出现 wake up 醒来
【考点2】含 “with构成的动词短语”
① be fed up with 厌倦
③ be filled with 充满
③ catch up with 赶上
④ come up with 找到，提出(答案、解决办法等)
⑤ get on well with 与……相处融洽
⑥ quarrel with 吵架
⑦ stay / keep / be in touch with 与……保持联系
⑧ end up with 以……告终
⑨ keep up with 跟上，赶上
⑩ come to terms with 甘心忍受。使自己顺从于某事物⑨ talk with 与某人交谈
⑥ agree with 同意……意见(想法)，符合，一致
⑩ disagree with 不同意
⑩ struggle / fight with 和……战斗／斗争
⑩ work with 用……干，和……工作
⑩ put up with 忍受
[例句] Filled with smoke, the room is not pleasant to
stay in. 房间里烟雾弥漫，在里面呆着不舒服。
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想
出了增加销售量的新主意。
You'll just have to come to terms with the fact that you
are fired. 你不得不接受的现实情况是你被解雇了。
The child was fed up with listening to tim same story.
孩子厌烦听同一个故事。
I can't keep up with all the changes in computer tech-
nology．计算机技术的各种改进有些我已经跟不上了。
【考例2】(2001京、蒙、皖春招)Would you slow down a
bit, please? I can't ____ you.
A. keep up with B. put up with
C. make up to D. hold on to
[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的意思。
[答案与解析]A keep up with 跟上；put up with 忍
受；make up to 是错误搭配；hold on to 坚持。本句话意
思是“请你慢一点儿好吗?我跟不上”。
【考点3】含“动词构成的of短语”
① be afraid of 害怕
② be proud of 以……自豪
③ be full of 充满
④ hear of 听说
⑤ make use of 利用
⑥ speak highly of 称赞
⑦ think highly of 对……高度评价
⑧ take care of 照顾，照料
⑨ think of 认为，想起
⑩ take possession of 占有，占领
⑩ be sure of 对……有把握
⑩ rob...of... 抢劫……
⑩ think of...a...认为……是……
[牛刀小试4]
1. There are many islands ____ the northwest coast
of Scotland, which lies ____ the north of Eng-
land.
m. to; on B. on; to
C. off; in D. off; to
2. -- Ann has ____; you can't trust her with any
secrets.
-- Really? Then I will be more careful next time.
A. quick mouth B. big mouth
C. a poor mouth D. a big mouth
3.-- What do you think of the picture ____
left?
-- I must say it is really very good.
A. of B. on C. in D. at
4. -- What is your new teacher like?
-- ____.
A. She likes singing'
B. She doesn't like sports
C. She seems very kind to us
D. She's fallen ill
☆精典题例☆
1. -- Do you like ____ here?
-- Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of
life. Everything is so nice. (NMET 2004)
A. this B. these
C. that D. it
【解析】选D 本题考查it的特殊用法，it在这里指
模糊的情形、环境、状况。其余代词指具体事物、
2. ____ two exams to worry about, I have to
work really hard this weekend. (2004 北京)
A. With B. Besides
C. As for D. Because of
【解析】选A 本题考查with结构的用法，在句中
with结构作状语．
3. For the sake of her daughter's health, she
decided to move to a warm ____.
A. weather B. temperature
C. season D. climate
【解析】选D 这道题考查几个名词的用法，句意是
“为了女儿的健康，她决定搬迁到气候比较温暖的地方
去”，weather泛指气候或天气，是不可数名词，而climate
则强调某个地区的天气或气候。
4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found
____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking
C. to smoke D. smoked
【解析】选B 这道题考查find的用法，动词find后
面经常跟形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语作宾语补
足语，跟现在分词和过去分词的区别在于：前者表示主动
和动作持续进行，后者表示被动和动作已经完成，当主语
十谓语+宾语+宾语补足语变为被动语态时，宾语补足语
就成为主语补足语。
5. All the employees except the manager ____ to
work online at home. (2004 广东)
A. encourages B. encourage
C. is encouraged D. are encouraged
【解析】选D 本题考查主谓一致与时态，本句的主
语是employees。
6. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday
___ yet. (2003 上海春招)
A. are not decided
B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decided
【解析】选D 由what，who，why，how，when等
“wh-”引导的名词性分句作主语时，其后的谓语动词用单
数．两个由and连接的并列名词性分句如果表示一件事
情．谓语动词要用单数。
7. The flu is believed ____ by viruses that like to
reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and
throat. (2004 上海)
A. causing B. being caused
C. to be caused D. to have caused
【解析】选C 根据flu和介词by可知应该用被动语
态，所以排除A、D项，再根据is believed，可知C项为最佳
选项，因为sth. is believed / considere / thought是英语中
的一种常见句式。
8. There were dirty marks on her trousers
she had wiped her hands. (2004 全国)
A. where B. which
C. when D. that
【解析】选A 本题考查定语从句的关系词，本句意
思为“在她的裤子上，她擦过手的地方，有脏脏的印记”。
where在其引导的定语从句在句中作地点状语。
9. Don't leave the water ____ while you brush
your teeth. (2004 天津)
A. run B. running
C. being run D. to run
【解析】选B 本句考查leave + 名词 + 现在分词／过
去分词结构，水流出来属于主动行为，所以要用runniikg。
10. -- Is this raincoat yours?
-- No, mine ____ there behind the door.
A. hangs B. has hung
C. is hanging D. hung
【解析】选C 这道题考查动词hang的用法，当hang
作“悬挂着，吊着”讲时，为不及物动词，现在进行时强调动
作的暂时性．答案为C。
-
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