inform 的含义是“向某人传递信息”。虽然它可以表示
把任何别人不知道的事情说出来。以使人知晓，但是这
个词特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料。例
如：
I have just received a letter from my old school infor—
ming me that my former headmaster, Mr．Reginald
Page, will be retiring next week. 我刚接到母校的一封
信，通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德?佩奇先生将于下
星期退休。
▲友情提示：inform可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于
下级对上级的通知。
【考例5】[2004 全国卷Ⅳ] Alice returned from the
manager's offic, ____ me that the boss wanted to
see me at once．
A. having told B. tells
C. t0 tell D. telling
[考查目标] 本题考查tell的词义和语法变化。
[答案与解析]D 这是作为补充说明的现在分词短语
用法，tell在本句的句意是“告诉”。若用having told
表示的则是“前提”，而不是补充说明。
【考点3】touch 的用法
▲ 构词：touching adj. 动人的，令人同情的，令人感伤
的
▲ 搭配：
① get in touch with 和……取得联系
② keep / stay in touch with 和……保持联系 ，
③ lose touch with 和……失去联系，对……变得生疏
④ out of touch with 同……失去联系，无……的消息
【考例3】[2004重庆] She ____ the burned side of
her face.
A. pointed B. showed
C. wiped D. touched
[考查目标] 本题考查touch的意思。
[答案与解析]D touch意思是“触摸”的意思。本句的
句意是“她触摸了她滚烫的脸”。
2. vary vt. & vi. 变化，改变，变更；相异
A good driver varies the speed of his car according to
the condition of roads.
优秀的司机会依照路况变换车子的速度。
These sweaters vary in size / color.
这些毛衣有各种不同的尺寸／颜色。
Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.
对于这件事，人人意见不一。
My doctor said I should vary my diet more.
医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。
[拓展]various adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的
variety n. 多变性，多样性；种种
【考点6】warn 的用法
▲ 构词：warning n. 警告；预告，通知；借鉴，反面教
材，教训
▲搭配：
① warn sb of / about sth 提醒／警告某人有……
② warn sb against sth 提醒／警告某人提防……
③ warn sb against doing sth 提醒／警告某人不要……
④ warn sb(not)to do sth 提醒／警告某人(不要)……
⑤ warn sb that-clause 提醒／警告／预先通知某人……
⑥ give sb warning 预先通知某人(特指解雇、辞职、退租
等)
⑦ without warning 突然
【考例6】[NMET 1996] The patient was warned ____
oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not
C. not to eat D. not eating
[考查目标] 本题考查warn的宾语补语形式。
[答案与解析]C warn是一个常规动词，后面接动词
的不定式形式作宾语补语。
【考点7】wish的用法
▲搭配：
① wish (sb) to do sth. 希望／想要(某人)……
② wish that-clause 但愿……(从句用were型虚拟语
气)
③ wish for 希望得到，渴望
【考例7】[NME 1991] We ____ each other the
best of luck in the examination.
A. hoped B. wanted
C. expected D. wished
[考查目标] 本题考查wish的词义以及它和近义词的区
别。
[答案与解析] D wish可以表示“祝愿”，后接代词(名
词)宾语，然后接名词(或形容词)宾语补语。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(ahead, vary, touch, manage, step, tell, warn, detail,
wish, risk)
1. Next I'll ask Mr. Green to give some introduction in ____.
2. The twins look the same, so I can't ____ them
from each other.
3. When I left. Tom and his father ____ in.
4. I have ____ you not to be late many times, but
you are this time.
5. This box is not heavy; I can ____ myself.
6. When we saw the film, all of us were ____.
7. Best ____ to all of you, my good friends!
8. Anyone travelling without a passport runs the
____ of being arrested.
9. Few of us knew there was a big bridge 500 meters
【短语归类】
15. cut off 切断、断绝、割掉
Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off
because there was no electricity.
由于没电，许多城市及乡村的水源被切断了。
They killed the bison, cut off the skins and left the
bodies behind to rot.
他们杀死野牛，剥去皮任其尸体腐烂。
[相关短语]
cut down 砍伐，削减，压缩
cut out 删掉，戒掉
cut short 打断，中断，缩短
cut through 穿过
We must cut down our expenses.
我们必须削减开支。
You'd better cut OUt the unimportant details of the
article.
你最好删掉文章中那些无关紧要的细节。
He cut short his tour abroad and returned home.
他缩短了国外行程，回到了国内。
In China, the Tropic of Cancer cuts through
Guangdong province.
在中国，北回归线穿过广东省。
【考点3】含cut的短语
① cut down 砍倒，减少，降低
② cut in 插话，打断
③ cut up 切碎，挫伤
④ cut off 切断，断绝，隔绝
⑤ cut through 抄近路穿
⑥ cut out 割掉，删掉
[例句] He was asking $400 for the ca, but we cut
him down to $350. 这辆汽车他要价400美元，但是我
们把价杀到350美元。
The child kept cutting in while l talked with his father.
这个小孩在我与他父亲讲话时，老插话。
The trees cuts off our view of the sea. 这些树挡住了我
们看大海的视线。
【考例3】(2005湖南) I was just talking to Margarm
when Jackson ____.
A. cut in
B. cut down
C. cut out
D. cut up
[考查目标] 此题主要考查cut短语的用法。
[答案与解析]A 根据句意“我正与玛格丽特谈着话，
杰克逊突然插嘴 (cut in)了。”cut down “砍倒”，cut out
“剪下”“cut up“切碎”，均与句意不符。
【考点2】Asking and giving direction 女问路和指路
____, but carl you teIl me how to get to the post
office?
A. I'm sorry B. Do me a favor
C. Excuse me D. Pardon
[答案与解析]C 本题考查问路时的功能用语。英语
国家的人们常以Excuse me开头来问路。所以C项符
合语境。
【归纳】英语中表示问路的用语有：
① Excuse me. Where's the washroom?
② Can you tell me how to get the post office?
③ Excuse me. Which bus goes to the world Park?
④ Exeuse me. Which the way to the Bank of China?
⑤ Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the station,
please?
⑥ How ean l get to N0. 4 Middle School?
⑦ Excuse me. Am I going In the right direction?
⑧ Does this roed lead to..., please?
⑨ Where can I find..., please?
表示指路的用语有：
① It's in that direction.
② Go down / up this path / street / road...
③ It's south / north of the...
④ Turn left / right at the first / second crossing / cor—
ner. You can't miss it.
⑤ It's over there.
⑥ It's about 400 meters ftom here.
⑦ You can take bus No. 103.
⑧ You'd better take a taxi there.
⑨ Sorry. I don't know. I'm a stranger here.
[牛刀小试 4】
1.-- Could you tell me the way to the railway station?
-- Sorry, ____ I'm never around here, too.
A. but B. or
C. and D. however
2. -- No, I'm afraid he isn't in. This is his secretary
speaking. Can I help you?
-- ____.
A. Oh, you will
B. Oh, that's a pity
C. I should think so
D. Well, I look forward to hearing from you
3. -- I want to go to the library, but I'm afraid I'm not
in the right ____.
-- ____. Go ahead.
A. way; No B. distance; No
C. direction; Yes D. side; Yes
4. -- Would you please come to help me with my home-
work tomorrow?
-- ____.
A. My pleasure
B. It depends
C. You're welcome
D. I'm glad to hear that
☆精典题例☆
1. In rome parts of London, missing a bus mearks
____ for another hour. (2002 上海春季)
A. waiting B. to wait
C. wait I). to be waiting
【解析】选A 本题考查动词mean的用法。mean to
do“打算做某事”，mean doing “意味着……，意思是……”，
本句意为：“在伦敦的某些地区，错过一班车意味着再等一
个小时”，故此题应是mean doing sth．结构。
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when
____ at the meeting by my boss. (2004 全国 IV)
A. questioning B. having questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
【解析】选C 考查分词的用法。据与它的主语一致
原则，句中的I一定是被质问，且是过去的事实，并没有将
来之意，不能选D，只能选C。
3. "Can't you read?" Mary said ____ to the
notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
【解析】选A 本题考查了现在分词表示伴随情况的
用法。C项缺少并列连词and；B、D两项属于动词时态错
误。要将动词变成过去式，才能构成谓语。
4. According to thc art dealer, the painting ____
to go for at least a million dollars.
A. is expected B. expects
C. expected D. is expecting
【解析】选A 此题考查被动语态的用法。painting
同expect的关系是被动的，故用被动语态，选A。
5．She thought I was talking about her daughter,
____, in fact, I was tal king about my
daughter.
A. whom B. where
C. which D. while
【解析】选D 该题从结构上看似乎是考查非限定性
定语从句中关系词的用法。但从前后两句的内容来看是
考查并列连词。in fact插入句中有一定的迷惑作用，此处
whiIe作并列连词用，表示前后对照／对比。全句的意思
是：“她以为我在谈论她的女儿，而实际上，我是在谈论我
的女儿。”
6. We'll be shown around the city: schools,
museums and some other places, ____ other
visitors seldom go. (2002 北京市)
A. what B. which
C. where D. when
【解析】选C some other places为先行词，定语从句
中的go为不及物动词，表地点的先行词在定语从句中作
状语。
7. The journey around the world took the old sailor
nine months ____ the sailing time was 226
days. (2004 全国III)
A. of which B. during which
C. ftomwhich D. for which
【解析】选A 根据句意，填空部分为“其中”之意。
8. All morning as she waited for the medical report
from the doctor, her nervousness ____. (2003
年全国)
A. has grown B. is growing
C. grew D. had grown
【解析】选C 根据all morning和时间状语从句中的
谓语动词，可判断出应用一般过去时。一般过去时可用于
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
9. I shall stay in the hotel aIl day ____ there is
news of the missing c hild．(2002年上海春)
A. in case B. nomatter
C. in any case D. ever since
【解析】选A in case为连词，意为“万一，以防”。
10. People may have different opinions about Karen,
but I admire her. ____, she is a great
musician.
A. After all B. As a result
C. In other words D. As usual
【解析】选A after all“毕竟”；as a resuIt“结果是”；in
other words“换句话说”；as usual“像往常”。
-
高中英语知识点：如何用英语表达感冒相关语句
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