Ⅰ. 单元教学目标
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技能目标Skill Goals ▲ Talk about the United Kingdom ▲ Talk about language difficulties in communication ▲ Talk about space: position, direction and distance ▲ Learn to use the past participle as the object complement ▲ Learn to write a non-chronological report: tourist guide |
Ⅱ. 目标语言
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功 能 句 式
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Talk about language difficulties in communication: Can you speak more slowly please? I beg your pardon? / Pardon? What did you mean by ... (or by saying ...)? Excuse me ... I’m afraid I can’t follow you. I didn’t understand ... I’m sorry but could you repeat that? Talk about space: position, direction and distance: Wales was linked to ... England and Wales were joined to The zones nearest ... is called ... The middle zone is called ... |
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词 汇 |
1．四会词汇 unite, kingdom, consist, divide, puzzle, clarify, relation, legal, convenience, attraction, collection, construct, influence, project, arrange, sightseeing, available, delight, tower, expand, royal, uniform, splendid, statue, communism, thrill, pot, 2．认读词汇 the United Kingdom, London Heathrow Airport, River Thames, River Severn, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, the Union Jack, educational, roughly, Midlands, industrial, historical, Roman, Norman, Anglo-Saxon, invader, Viking, site, occasion, St Paul’s Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, Greenwich, longitude, navigation, Karl Marx, Highgate Cemetery, Library of the British Museum, original, Windsor Castle 3．词组 consist of, divide ... into, break away (from), leave out, break down |
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结 构 |
The past participle as the object complement ... the three countries found themselves united peacefully ... However, just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form ... You find most of the population settled in the South, ... . |
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重 点 句 子 |
1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. P9 2. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. P10 3. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. P10 4. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile! P10 5. Her first delight was going to the Tower. P14 6. There followed St Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. P14 7. That is why, even today, when people can follow any religion they like, families still have firework parties and burn cloth dolls of Guy Fawkes on a bonfire. P52 |
Ⅲ. 教材分析与教材重组
1. 教材分析
本单元以The United Kingdom为中心话题。通过学习，使学生了解英国的历史、地理、政治、文化、宗教、社会习俗及名胜古迹等有关知识。
1.1 Warming Up 通过一个小测试考查学生对英国的了解情况。
1.2 Pre-reading通过三个有关英国的小问题，让学生进一步加深对英国的了解。
1.3 Reading本单元的阅读材料——PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY(“地理之迷”)，从地理、历史、政治、文化、体育等方面简要介绍了联合王国的形成和发展、风土人情和人文景观。
1.4 Comprehending通过回答问题、解析地图中的信息、划分课文段落写出大意以及归纳课文内容写出小结等练习，加强学生对课文深层次的理解，培养学生归纳、概括、总结能力。
1.5 Learning about Language分词汇和语法两部分。词汇部分设置了“短文填空”和“句子填空”两个内容；语法部分由两个部分组成：一是让学生自己通过在课文中寻找含有相关语法项目（过去分词用作宾语补足语）的句子；二是对该语法项目进行操练。形式有语法结构讲练、趣味性游戏等。
1.6 Using Language 通过增加阅读篇目“SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON”，让学生了解英国首都伦敦的名胜古迹；该部分还提供了听力材料（conversation between Zhang Pingyu and a tourist guide），设计了“说” 的话题（让学生表演游客和导游之间的对话），并设置了写作练习，要求学生用“恰当的形容词和动词”来描写他们熟悉或参观过的某一建筑或景观。
1.7 SUMMING UP 让学生用选择的形式来小结本单元所学的主要内容。
1.8 LEARNING TIP就“如何修改自己的作文”给学生提出了几点建议。
2. 教材重组
2.1 将Warming Up, Pre-reading, Reading和Comprehending四部分整合为一节“阅读课”。
2.2将Using Language中的Listening与Workbook 中的LISTENING和LISTENING TASK整合为一节“听力课”。
2.3将Using Language中的Reading和Work-book中的READING TASK整合为一节“泛读课”。
2.4将Learning about Language中的Discover-ing useful words and expressions，Discovering useful structures；Workbook中的USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS和USING STRUCTURES整合为一节“语言学习课”。
2.5 将Using Language中的Speaking和Workbook中的TALKING，SPEAKING TASK以及Learning about Language中的Discovering useful structures 整合为一节“口语课”。
2.6 将Using Language中的Writing和Workbook中的WRITING TASK整合为一节“写作课”。
3．课型设计与课时分配
1st Period Reading
2nd Period Listening
3rd PeriodExtensive Reading
4th PeriodLanguage Study
5th PeriodSpeaking
6th PeriodWriting
Ⅳ. 分课时教案
The First Period Reading
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
unite, kingdom, consist, divide, puzzle, clarify, relation, legal, convenience, attraction, collection, construct, influence, consist of, divide ... into, break away (from), leave out
b. 重点句式
1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. P10
2. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. P10
3. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom worthwhile! P10
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable the students to learn about the United Kingdom (the UK).
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable the students to know the UK in geography and history.
Teaching important & difficult points
教学重难点How to understand the geographic puzzle of the UK.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Skimming and task-based activities.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder, a computer and a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step ⅠLead-in
Task 1: Free talk about the topic: The United Kingdom.
Reference topic:
1. Have you ever been to the UK? If you have, can you tell us something about it or can you tell us something about your visit(s) there? Or what is your impression of the UK? If you haven’t, where can you get the information about it?
2. What is the capital of the UK? And what is the language?
3. Does England, Britain or the Great Britain mean the same as the UK? If not, tell the difference between them.
4. What is the money used there? And what is the largest banknote? What are the other denominations (币值单位) of banknotes? What is the coin with the largest value? And what are the other denominations of coins?
5. What else do you know about the UK?
Task 2: Ask the students to do the quiz on page 9 and then check the answers.
T: In this unit, we are going to learn something about the United Kingdom. Now let’s work in pairs, do the quiz in the Warming Up and find out how much you know about the UK. There are five questions with three choices A, B and C for each one. Now please look them through quickly and choose the answers. You may discuss these questions with your partners.
Step II Pre-reading
T: Next let’s talk about the three questions in the Pre-reading. First of all, I’d like to ask you one more question before we deal with the Pre-reading questions. What’s the official or full name of the UK?
S: The United Kingdom of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
T: Now who’d like to answer the first question in the Pre-reading?
S: Well. London is the capital city of the UK and also the capital of England. Cardiff is the capital of Wales, Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland and Belfast, the capital city of Northern Ireland.
I’d like to tell you something about Glasgow, a city in Scotland, where my cousin has been studying in the University of Glasgow for 3 years. He often writes to tell me something about the city and the University. Glasgow is a city with a population of 620,000. It lies 68 miles of west central Scotland along both banks of the River Clyde. The city occupies much of the lower Clyde valley combining suburbs — with an overall population of 1.4 million — which extend into surrounding districts. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and its industrial centre; it has an excellent harbour with modern port facilities.
T: Very good. Now the next question is a little bit more challenging. Who’d like to have a try?
S: England can be divided into the following three main areas: North England, Midlands and South England.
T: Great! Is there anyone else who’d like to have a try?
S: Yes. I’d like to tell you something about a city in the south of England. Can you guess which city it is? Yes, It is Dover, where many people have been trying again and again to swim across the English Channel. It is a port city in the far southeast of England. It has a long history. People have lived in what is now called Dover since the Stone Age. The first settlements in Dover were made around 6,000 years ago by Stone Age people. So it is one of the oldest cities in the world. There are a lot of cultural relics in Dover. So few other towns or cities can boast such a unique collection of relics and monuments dating back from the Bronze Age, the Roman Empire, the Saxon era, and in fact every other important historic periods. While modern developments have seen many of Dover’s important historical buildings swept away, there are still many important sites that must be preserved for future generations. The story of Dover is as old as civilization itself.
Step III While-reading
Task 1: Ask the students to describe briefly the UK according to the following map.
A sample description:
We can see from the map that the UK is surrounded by water in all sides. On the west of the Great Britain lies the Irish Sea, which is on the east of Ireland. On the south of England lies the English Channel, through which the Allies landed the continent during the World War II. On the northeast, lies the North Sea. And on the north is the North Atlantic Ocean.
Task 2: Ask the students to talk about the different flags of the countries of the UK.
Cross of St George (England) Cross of St Patrick (Ireland) Union Jack
A sample description:
The flag of England is a cross, the flag of Scotland and Ireland are both like a fork. The flag of the Union Jack is the flag of the UK, which is the combination of the three flags. That is to say, the UK is a combination of the three countries: Scotland, England and Ireland.
Task 3: Scanning
1. Look through the passage as fast as possible;
2. Try to find the answers to the questions given in the Comprehending.
Sample answers:
S1: Wales, for we can’t find any pattern of flag of Wales and it is usually assumed to be part of England.
S2: It represents England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
S3: The Vikings. They only influenced the vocabulary and the place names of the North.
Task 4: Skimming
T: Please skim the passage to get the general idea of the whole passage. While reading, please try to divide the whole passage into proper parts and find out the main idea of each part (helping the students fulfill the task if necessary).
Sample answers:
Part 1 (Para. 1-2): What England includes; about Great Britain; the UK.
Part 2 (Paras. 3-4): The geographic division of England into zones, their similarities and differences.
Part 3 (Para. 5-6) : The cultural importance of London.
T: Then how do you understand the title of the text Puzzles in Geography? Are there really any puzzles in geography of the UK? If so, what are they? If not, why does the writer use “Puzzles in Geography” as the title? Get the students to discuss about it in pairs.
Then ask the students to fill in the following form.
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Countries / Capital of UK |
Information from the text |
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England |
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Wales |
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Great Britain |
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Northern Ireland |
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London |
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Ireland |
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Sample answers:
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Countries / Capital of UK |
Information from the text |
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England |
The first country people think of when speaking of the UK and the largest of the four countries. It is roughly divided into three zones: the South of England, Midlands and the North. |
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Wales |
The first country that was linked to England in the 13th century and it is included when people refer to England. |
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Great Britain |
The name given and used when England, Wales and Scotland were joined together, which took place in 1603, when Scotland King James became King of England and Wales. |
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Northern Ireland |
The Northern part of Ireland that was joined to the Great Britain to become the United Kingdom, which was shown to the world in the flag called Union Jack. |
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London |
The capital of the UK and England as well. It contains the greatest historical treasures of all, with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It has the oldest port, building and castle and it has been influenced by some invaders of London. |
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Ireland |
The southern part of that country — Ireland or Southern Ireland, which broke away to form its own government and a country independent of Northern Ireland, which is part of the UK. |
T: Now let’s do “Comprehending” Exercise 3. Look at the map of England and Wales. Divide it into three parts. Draw lines across the zones of the South, Midlands and the North of England. Put each town or city into its correct zone.
Sample answers:
North: York, Leeds, Sheffield, Manchester
Midlands: Coventry, Birmingham
South: Reading, London, Brighton, Plymouth
Step ⅣPost-reading
Task 1: Ask the students to write down a short summary of the passage.
The passage mainly clarifies how the UK developed as an administrative union and shows how England is divided into different zones according to its geographical position. It also explains how London was influenced by some invaders and turned out to be the cultural capital of England as well as the UK.
Task 2: Ask the students to paraphrase the following sentences.
1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
2. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres and buildings.
Sample answers:
1. Now when people mention or talk of England, Wales is included in it, too.
2. London includes the greatest historical treasure of all, with its museums, art collections, theatres and buildings. If you want to make the most of your trip to the United Kingdom and know more about it, you should be very alert.
Task 3: Ask the students to answer the following questions.
Show the following on the screen.
1. How did the UK come about?
2. What is the relationship between the Republic of Ireland and the Northern Ireland?
3. Why is London the capital of England, Great Britain and the UK as well?
4. What else do you know about London?
5. How do the four countries of the UK work together and how do they differ?
6. What does the Union Jack show to you?
7. What is the typical geographical feature of England?
8. Where can you find more about British history and culture?
Sample answers:
1. First, there was England and then Wales joined to England in the 13th century AD. Later on in 1603 when King James of Scotland became the King of England and Wales as well, Great Britain was formed peacefully including the three countries. Then they tried to get Ireland connected to form the United Kingdom but the southern part of Ireland broke away to form its own government. That was how the UK came about.
2. At first the Republic of Ireland and the Northern Ireland were of the same country. But when the UK intended to get the country included into the union, the southern part broke away and formed its own government. So now the Republic of Ireland is an independent country while the Northern Ireland is part of the UK.
3. London was first the capital of England and then the capital of Great Britain and finally of the United Kingdom, because it embodied the greatest historical treasure of all.
4. Three out of four invaders or conquerors have influenced the city, making it the largest city of all as well as the historical, cultural, political and economic center. It has the oldest port built by Romans in the 1st century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.
5. The four countries work together in some areas, for example, in international relations, with the same money system and so on, but they are still different. For instance, England, North Ireland and Scotland have developed different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup.
6. The Union Jack shows the combination of the flags of three different countries: Cross of St George of England, Cross of St Andrew of Scotland and Cross of St Patrick of Ireland.
7. England, the largest of the four countries, is divided roughly into three zones: the south of England, which is the zone nearest France, the Midlands, which is in the middle, and the North of England, which is the zone nearest Scotland. Most of the population settles in the south while most of the large industrial cities lie in the Midlands and the North of England.
8. We can find out more about British history and culture in older but smaller towns first built by the Romans.
Task 4: Ask the students to analyze the text.
1. Ask the students to fill in the following chart.
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Country |
When it joined with or separated from each other |
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England |
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Wales |
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Scotland |
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Northern Ireland |
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Republic of Ireland |
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Sample answers:
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Country
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When it joined with or separated from each other |
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England |
First |
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Wales |
Linked to England in the 13th century AD |
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Scotland |
Connected with England and Wales to form Great Britain in 1603 |
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Northern Ireland |
Connected with Great Britain to form the UK later on |
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Republic of Ireland |
Separated from the UK as a result of uprising for independence in 1916 |
2. Ask some of the students to retell the text.
A sample version:
When people speak of the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are often used. England and Wales were linked together first, which happened in the 13th century AD. Then James, Scotland King, united the three countries to form Great Britain in 1603 peacefully. Later on, the three countries intended to get Ireland connected to found the UK. However, the southern part broke away and formed its own government. So only Northern Ireland became part of the UK. The four countries, of which England is the largest, work together as a whole but they have developed different educational and legal systems.
England can be roughly divided into three zones, the South of England, which is nearest to France, the Midland and the North, which is nearest to Scotland. Most of the population settles in the south while most of the large industrial cities lie in the Midlands and the North of England.
London, the capital city of the UK, includes the greatest historical treasure of all with lots of museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. Some early invaders have influenced it a lot from roads, towns, castles, language, and so on to government. Visitors will find the evidence here and there around London if they keep their eyes open.
3. Ask the students to analyze the writing techniques of the text: What is the writing style? What is the main idea of the text?
Sample answers:
1. Writing style
The text is written in narrative style, which introduces to the learners how the UK was formed geographically and historically, mainly dealing with England and the other three countries, which not only work together as a union in many aspects but also develop their own administrative systems. It also introduces the four invaders who influenced the UK language, place-names, vocabulary and system of government.
2. Main idea
The text mainly explains to the learners how the four countries, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland formed the UK, and how they work together and how they are different. It also introduces how England can be divided into three different zones geographically and how London was influenced by some of the four invaders culturally and historically and how the evidence of the invasions can be found around the countryside of Great Britain.
Step ⅤHomework
Ask the students to:
1. Get ready to retell the text in your own words.
2. Go over “Learning about Language” 1, 2 and 3 on pages 12.
3. Do “Discovering useful structures” 1 and 2 on pages 13.
The Second Period Listening
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
重点词汇和短语
crown, Protestant, hurt the king
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable the students to learn about one of the most famous historical sites in London: the Tower of London.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Help the students learn how to talk about the historical sites in the UK.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
Talk about the historical sites in the UK.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Listening and cooperative learning.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder, a computer and a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step ⅠRevision and Lead-in
Check the students’ homework.
Then ask the students to read as fast as possible the instructions and then listen to the tape twice to get the best answers.
T: The Monarchy is the oldest institution of government in the United Kingdom. Until 1603 the English and Scottish Crowns were separate; after this date one monarch reigned in the United Kingdom. Now please open your books and turn to page 15. Let’s take up “Listening”. Before you listen to the tape, please read fast the instructions and find out the key points for listening. Pay much attention to the following important points while listening.
1. Which king on the list was one of the princes in the Tower? How do you know?
2. Who had the two princes killed?
And then check the answers.
Step ⅡListening (P52-53)
T: Now we shall take up the “Listening task” on page 52. and do Exercises 1, 2 and 3. Read the instructions first and then do the exercises.
Check the answers with the students.
Step ⅢHomework
T: Boys and girls, today we have listened to some materials. I do hope you can listen to the materials again after class. And from this unit we have learned a lot about the United Kingdom, its past history, some popular tourist sites, the Tower of London as well as some of the criteria of the British citizens. After class please find some information about London.
The Third Period Extensive Reading
Teaching goals
1. Target Language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
sightseeing, available, delight, tower, royal, uniform, splendid, statue, communism, thrill
b. 重点句式
Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had ... P14
But she was thrilled by ... P14
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable the students to plan a tour around certain places.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students know more about the historical sites in London.
Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点
Help the students identify different kinds of tour and talk about the most interesting place for the tour.
Teaching methods教学方法
Task-based activities.
Teaching aids教具准备
A computer and a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision and Lead-in
Talk about London with the students.
T: London has been a capital city for nearly 1,000 years, and many of its ancient buildings still stand. Have you found any information about London?
S1: The most famous sites in London are the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey and St. Paul’s Cathedral. But most visitors also want to see the House of Parliament, Buckingham Palace, which is the Queen’s London home.
S2: Once, London was a small Roman town on the north bank of the Thames, but slowly it grew into one of the world’s major cities with more than 7 million people. Different areas of London seem to be like different cities. And it also has many big parks, full of trees, flowers and grass. Sitting on the grass in the middle of Hyde Park or Kensington Gardens, you are in the country, miles away.
S3: Many people think that London is all gray, but in fact red is London’s favorite color. London is at its best when people are celebrating. Then the flags, the cheering crowds and the carriages and horses all sparkle in the sunshine — if it’s not raining, of course! However, it is often foggy. That’s why it’s called “fog city”.
Ask the students to read the passage and do the exercises after the passage.
T: “Sightseeing in London” is about a Chinese girl’s first visit to London. It tells us how it would feel to visit London for the first time. Now read and find the answers to the questions after the text.
Step ⅡReading
Task 1: Ask the students to read the text to get the main idea.
T: Now please read the text and find the answers to the following questions.
Show the questions on the screen.
1. How did Zhang Pingyu plan her tour?
2. What were the buildings mentioned in the text? What were they famous for? Who built them? What happened to them?
Sample answers:
1. First, she made a list of the sites she wanted to see. Then she planed her four-day trip.
2. The buildings mentioned in the text were:
Tower, built by Norman invaders of AD 1066, it is a solid, stone, square tower which remained standing for one thousand years; St Paul’s Cathedral, built after the terrible fire of London in 1666, looked splendid; Westminster Abbey, contains statues in memory of dead poets and writers; Greenwich, the longitude line; Big Ben; Highgate Cemetery; Windsor Castle.
Task 2: Ask the students to study the structure of the text “Sightseeing in London”.
Show the following.
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Task 3: Deal with reading task:
A particular British celebration
Ask the students to read the passage quickly for the first time to find out the main idea of the text. Then ask them to read the text again carefully to obtain some details and do the exercises after the text.
T: Guy Fawkes Night is celebrated in Britain annually on November 5th. The event is accompanied by firework displays, the lighting of bonfires and the ceremonial effigy-burning of one Guy Fawkes. The origin of this celebration comes from the event which took place in 1605 and was a conspiracy known as “The Gunpowder Plot”, intended to take place on November 5th of that year (the day set for the opening of Parliament). Now read the text and then find the answers to the exercises.
Sample answers to Exercise 1:
Oct. 10: one of Fawkes’ Catholic friends, named Catesby, asked him if he would support a plan to change the government and replace it with another.
Oct. 27: Fawkes and Catesby arranged to buy a house close to the Houses of Parliament.
Oct. 28-31: Catesby and Fawkes bought large containers of gunpowder and stored them in the cellar.
Nov. 6: the king and all his advisers would be in the parliament for the meeting.
Sample answers to Exercise 2:
S1: I would not like to be King James, because he kept changing his mind. He would say, “I could not be tolerant of their religion.” And he took actions to stop people believing in Catholic.
S2: I would like to be Robert Catesby. He would say like this: The king is never so tolerant of the Catholics. So I decided that a violent action is the only answer. The thing to do was to blow up the Houses of Parliament. In doing so, we would kill the King, maybe even the Prince of Wales, and the Members of Parliament who were making life difficult for the Catholics. And to carry out the plan, Catesby and his men got hold of 36 barrels of gunpowder — and stored them in a cellar, just under the House of Lords.
S3: I would be an eyewitness: As the group worked on the plot, it became clear that innocent people would be hurt or killed in the attack, including some people who even fought for more rights for Catholics. Some of the plotters started having second thoughts. One of the group members even sent an anonymous letter warning his friend, Lord Monteagle, to stay away from the Parlia-ment on November 5th.
S4: I would not like to be Guy Fawkes. Because he would say, “some of us have betrayed, so we should start the plan in advance.” So he tried to start the fire. But the soldiers found him before he could do anything and he was taken to the Tower of London to be killed.
S5: If King James had kept his promise, nothing would have happened.
Step ⅢHomework
Ask the students to review the words learnt in this unit.
The Fourth Period Language Study
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
重点词汇和短语
unite, consist, divide, puzzle, clarify, relation, legal, convenience, attraction, collection, construct, influence, project, arrange, fold, available, delight, royal, splendid, statue, thrill, unfair, smart, suggestion, consistent, consist of, divide ... into, break away (from), leave out, take the place of, break down
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable the students to use the past participle as the object complement.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Learn how to use the past participle as the object complement.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
Learn to use the past participle as the object complement.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Task-based activities.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
StepⅠRevision and Lead-in
Check the students’ homework.
T: In the previous period, we’ve learned some new words and expressions. Now let’s review them. Look at the screen, please. Try to think of their meanings and their usages, and then complete the sentences on the screen to check if you can use them correctly.
Show the following on the screen.
1. Water c__________ of hydrogen and oxygen.
2. The question p__________ me. It took me a long time to work it out.
3. My mind suddenly c__________. It worked very fast and efficiently.
4. A big city offers many and varied a___________. They are worth visiting.
5. These wheels are c___________ smaller.
6. In a dictionary, all the words are a____________ in alphabetical order.
7. Movies give d____________ to millions of people. So people enjoy going to the cinema.
8. The tour guide t___________ us with his stories. They were really full of fun.
Sample answers:
1. consists 2. puzzled 3. clarified 4. attractions
5. constructed 6. arranged 7. delight
8. thrilled
Step ⅡUsing about language
Doing “Learning about language” on page 12.
Step ⅢHomework
Ask the students to:
1. Do Exx. 1 and 2 of “USING WORDS AND EX-PRESSIONS” on pages 49 and 50.
2. Do “USING STRUCTURES” on pages 50 and 51.
The Fifth Period Speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
重点词汇和短语
attraction, collection, influence, project, arrange, available, delight, splendid, statue, thrill, unfair, smart, suggestion, consistent
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable the students to describe the directions and locations using the functional sentences.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Help the students learn how the disagreements can be resolved.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
Let the students learn how to resolve the disagreements.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Discussing, debating and task-based learning.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step ⅠRevision and Lead-in
Ask the students to talk about the UK.
A sample talk:
The UK, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth’s surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK’s strength seriously depleted in the two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing the degree of its integration with continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union for the time being. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999, but the latter is suspended due to bickering over the peace process.
Step ⅡSpeaking
Task 1: Ask the students to work in pairs to make dialogues about language difficulties.
T: Suppose one of you will be the tourist and the other the tour guide. You may have a few problems in understanding each other. Now please make up dialogues. These phrases may help you.
Show the following to the students.
|
Excuse me ... I’m afraid I can’t follow you. I beg your pardon? / Pardon? I didn’t understand ... Please, can you speak more slowly? What did you mean by ...? I’m sorry but could you repeat that? |
|
Where is ...? How does one go on ...? In what direction is ...? It is within ... kilometers of ... It lies on the west / east. The place is on the border. |
A sample dialogue:
(T=tourist; G=guide)
T: Excuse me. Could you please tell me some places of interest in your province?
G: Well. Mount Wutai; Ancient City in Pingyao; Yungang Grottoes; Hukou Waterfall; Mount Lingkong, etc.
T: Thanks. Could you please tell me how I can get to Mt. Wutai?
G: Well. You can take No. 365, No. 543 or No. 263 bus there.
T: I’m sorry, but I can’t follow you.
G: Take No. 365, 543 or 263 bus at the Jiannan Bus Stop.
T: Good. No. 365, 543 or 263 bus, thanks. And in what direction can I find the station?
G: Hmmm. You can take a taxi and it will take you right there.
T: Thanks. How long will it take me to get to the station?
G: About forty minutes if the traffic is not busy as what we see now.
T: Excuse me. Could you speak more slowly? You know, I only came here three days ago.
G: Well. About ... forty ... minutes.
T: Fifty minutes. Thanks.
G: Sorry, forty.
T: Forty. Sorry. Thanks. Bye!
Task 2: Ask the students to describe the landscape they are familiar with.
Show the following to the students.
Position:
Type of land:
Geographical features:
Places of interest:
Season:
A sample description:
Mt. Emei
Mt. Emei lies in the southern area of Sichuan basin in China. Mt. Emei is one of the four sacred Buddhist Mountains in China. It is said that Mt. Emei derived its name from two peaks which face each other and look like eyebrows. The whole mountain range extends over 200 kilometers in length and breadth. Ever since the introduction of Buddhism into China in the 1st century AD, Buddhist buildings have been built on the mountain. Now there are more than one hundred temples and monasteries. It is known as the place of Buddhist Rites of Puxian.
Mt. Emei is rich in natural and cultural heritage and carries several monikers: “Kingdom of Plants”, “Paradise of Animals”, “Geological Museum”, “Buddhist Celestial Mountain” and is particularly famous for the title, “Elegance of Mt. Emei Under The Sun”. The Four Wonders of Mt. Emei are the Golden Summit Sunrise, sea of clouds, Buddha’s Halo and the Holy Lamp. The main attractions include the Baoguo Temple, Fuhu Temple, Leiyin Temple and many other spots. In 1996, Mt. Emei and the Grand Buddha in Leshan were included in the List of the World Famous Cultural Relics.
One passes through four seasons in a day in the 5 kilometers from the base to the summit. The hike takes most people a full day up and a full day back down; the monasteries along the way and at the top offer overnight accommodations for travelers at reasonable prices. As you make your way up, you may be expected to encounter plenty of pilgrims trudging their way steadily upward. The stamina of some of the older pilgrims is sure to surprise you. The monkeys aren’t really dangerous, but it’s probably better to appease them.
Mt. Emei is one of the most attractive tourist attractions. It lies 150 kilometers away from Chengdu, 130 kilometers from the Shuangliu International Airport and only 28 kilometers from Leshan city.
Step ⅢHomework
Ask the students to write a poster using persuasive writing with the title: Why not visit ...
The Six Period Writing
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target Language 目标语言
重点词汇
sightseeing, available, delight, tower, royal, uniform, splendid, statue, communism, thrill, pot, unfair, smart, suggestion, tense, consistent, error
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to write a short passage about a place of interest they have visited.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to describe one of the places of interest they have visited.
Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点
How to describe a famous building or a place of interest.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Task-based approach.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A computer and a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step ⅠRevision and Lead-in
Ask some students to read their work to the class.
T: As we know, advertising is very important in the business world. And nowadays, more and more ads for tourism appear on televisions, in the streets, on the buses, etc. Also, an appealing poster for a scenic spot is very important to draw visitors. So it should be written in an exciting way. In the last period, you were asked to write a poster to encourage people to visit. Now who’d like to share your work?
A sample version:
Why not visit “the Oriental Hawaii”?
Hainan Island is the second largest island in China, covering an area of 33,920 square kilometers with a history of over 6,000 years. It lies in the south of China. The Qiongzhou Strait separates the Hainan Island from the mainland. Its neighboring countries are Philippines towards the east, Malaysia and Brunei towards the south, Indonesia towards the southwest, and Vietnam towards the west. Hainan Island has a population of 7.11 million, which consists of 10 nationalities. The people there make a living by growing rice, fishing, and so on. The climate is mild all year round. Hainan is called “the Oriental Hawaii”. Every year thousands of travelers visit the island. Among the famous places of interest are Yalong Bay (No.1 in the world), Tianya-Haijiao (Corner of the Earth), Dadong Sea, Luhuitou (Turn-round Deer), Sanya Bay, Xiao Tongtian, Folk Village, etc.
Step ⅡWriting
Task 1: Ask the students to write a tour plan.
T: Suppose a group of foreign students are visiting our country. They will stay here for two weeks. At present they are in Shanghai. Their plan is to see at least three cities and three major scenic spots. Now please make a two-week plan for their tour. You must make sure that they can make full use of their time. Tell them what places they will see and where the various places are.
A sample tour plan:
Day 1: You will arrive in Shanghai, the city of China of 21st century. Shanghai is on the Huangpu River and also on the east coast, and has a population of more than 16 million. It is China’s most modernized city. You will have three days in Shanghai, during which time you will visit many famous scenic spots. The bund is a scenic walk along the river, and there are some temples in and around the city.
Day 4: You will travel a few kilometers by bus south-west to Hangzhou. There is a beautiful lake on the west of the city, and within a few kilometers of the city is a famous Buddhist Temple. You will have two days and two nights in Hangzhou.
Day 6: You will leave Hangzhou early in the morning for Guilin, just a short flight west of Hangzhou. You will see the Elephant Rock, in the center of the city, and then go on a boat on the beautiful Lijiang River to see the famous hills and cliffs. You will spend two days there.
Day 8: From Lijiang we fly to Xi’an, which is a few hundred kilometers away from the coast. Not far from the city you will see the world-famous Terra Cotta Warriors, and just beyond the south gate to the city is the Wild Goose Pagoda. There are some other historical attractions in Xi’an as well. You’ll have three days there.
Day 11: We leave early for the capital, Beijing, which is northeast of Xi’an. In the north of the city is the Great Wall. The Palace Museum and Tian An Men Square are in the center of the city, and the Summer Palace is a short drive to the northwest. We’ll spend two days in Beijing.
Day 14: We leave at noon for our flight south to Shanghai, then make our way home.
Task 2: Ask the students to write a complaint letter. T: When you have some problems or are not satisfied with something, you can write a complaint letter to the people who are responsible for it. Next please write a complaint letter to complain the problems or anything unsatisfactory at school or at home. Before your writing, please read the following tips carefully.
Show the following.
How to Write A Complaint Letter
· Include your name, address, home and work phone numbers.
· Type your letter if possible. If it is handwritten, make sure it is neat and easy to read.
· Make your letter brief and to the point. Include all important facts and any information you can give.
· State exactly what you want done about the problem and how long you are willing to wait to get it resolved. Be reasonable.
· Include all documents regarding your problem. Be sure to send COPIES, not originals.
· Avoid writing an angry, sarcastic, or threatening letter. The person reading your letter probably was not responsible for your problem but may be very helpful in resolving it.
· Keep a copy of the letter for your records.
Then ask the students to make a list of things that they feel are important.
T: Think of anything at school or at home that you feel very strong about. Make a list and choose the one you think is the most serious and write a letter to draw attention.
A sample list of things:
1. I have to wait too long a time being served in the canteen.
2. Several of our teachers speak in a too low voice and the students who sit behind can’t hear clearly. 3. My parents often read my diary without my permission.
4. The school demands us to wear the ugly school uniform.
The most serious one is the first one in the list.
A sample letter:
Dear Mr. Sam,
I have enjoyed eating at your restaurant the last several years. In my opinion, your hamburgers are the best in our town. I tell my friends. However, last Friday evening, I waited in a line ten people deep while we watched a lone waitress going back and forth with light running steps trying to serve too many tables. After 15 minutes and not getting seated, I decided to leave and went to another restaurant. Why not hire a second waiter or waitress? And why not enlarge your restaurant? You have available space to the east. I wish you the best with your restaurant, and I hope you resolve the problems we met.
Sincerely,
Harlan
Step ⅢHomework
Ask the students to do the task in PROJECT on page 54.
附 件
1. The history of the national flag of the UK
English flag was created by King James Ⅵof Scotland. In 1603, he became the King of England. He was the first king to unite England and Scotland. He combined England’s Red Cross of St. George with Scotland’s White Cross of St. Andrew. The White Cross of St. Andrew stood for patron saint（保护神）of Scotland, while the Red Cross of St. George stood for patron saint of England. This was the flag that flew above all the early English settlements in the new world. It was the most commonly used flag in the English colonies. In 1801 King George Ⅲadded to the flag the Cross of St. Patrick, patron saint of Ireland. English flag was generally referred to as the “Union Jack”. The flag has remained the same.
2. The custom and tradition of the UK
“Ladies First” is a British custom, though it is less observed today than it used to be. The reason seems to be the fact that women are the equals of men in having the votes, taking paid jobs and receiving higher education, but there is still the feeling that they need protecting. It is still considered necessary to observe this tradition. In Britain, a man should let a woman go first, and protect her from traffic. On a bus, men should be initiative to give their seats to women, help women get on and off the bus. In a lift, a man should take off his cap when there is a woman. When going into or out of a room, men should be initiative to help women take off or put on their outerwear. When dining with a lady, a man should offer her a better seat so that she can easily overlook the outer door scene or view of the whole restaurant. At the very first meeting, men should be introduced to ladies first.
3. The character of the British
The best-known quality of the British people and, in particular, of the English people is their exclusiveness. This means, “I am English. You stay away from me. I am exclusive. I am quite happy to be myself. I do not need you. Leave me alone.” It is very difficult to know such a man who does not talk much, never says anything about himself, does not show much emotion and hardly ever gets excited.
The English people are generally regarded as conservative. The Americans say that the English people always need 20 or 40 years to do things that they do today because the English people are so conservative that they have to wait for a long time before they are prepared to try something new. Englishmen think their way of doing things is always the best, and always the most normal.
The right to privacy and personal freedom is unquestioned by the British. Perhaps it is the lack of space that has fostered and maintained their fierce individualism. There is a common saying among the British people, “My home is my castle. The wind can come in, but the Kings and Queens and human beings can never come in without my permission.”
4. The climate in the UK
It is well-known that the English always go out with an umbrella or a raincoat. Why? It is because the weather in Britain often changes quickly. It is not very common for the same kind of weather to stay long.
Spring can be rainy or windy, but the weather is getting warmer and you can expect more sunny days. In fact there can be as much sunshine in spring as in summer. May is very often a lovely warm month in many parts of Britain. Parks, gardens and the countryside are green and full of flowers, so people can have a lot of things to do and enjoy themselves outdoors at this time of a year.
Summer is the most popular time for visitors to go to the seaside and other scenic spots. The weather can be sunny and pleasant. People usually have outdoor activities such as swimming and outing.
Autumn is a beautiful season, with tree leaves in the woods and parks changing to brown and red. It is a bumper crop season of agricultural plants. It is pleasant to be outside though the weather is constantly changing.
It’s cold in winter. It might snow, especially on high land in the north. Sometimes there are also storms and strong winds in the season.
January and February are the coldest months of the year, while the warmest are often July and August. The difference in temperature between winter and summer is not so great. The average temperature for winter is about 4.5℃ and for summer about 15.5℃. How interesting it is!
5. Buckingham Palace
Throughout the centuries, Britain’s kings and queens have built or bought palaces to serve as family homes, workplaces and centres of government.
Buckingham Palace has served as the official London residence of Britain’s sovereigns (君主统治) since 1837. It evolved from a town house that was owned from the beginning of the eighteenth century by the Dukes of Buckingham. Today it is The Queen’s official residence. Although in use for the many official events and receptions held by The Queen, areas of Buckingham Palace are opened to visitors on a regular basis. The State Rooms of the Palace are open to visitors during the Annual Summer Opening in August and September.
The residences associated with today’s Royal Family are divided into the Occupied Royal Residences, which are held in trust for future generations, and the Private Estates which have been handed down to The Queen by earlier generations of the Royal Family.
6. Scotland
Scotland lies to the north England. The country has lots of mountains in the north, but the east coast is rather flat. There is little agriculture in the north and west. Although the farmers can keep sheep on the hills in summer, they also shoot wild deer for food. There are a good many lakes and rivers. Visitors go to Scotland for their holidays to catch fish; there are also a lot of fish farms.
Scotland is famous for its engineers. In the past, people from Scotland traveled abroad to build bridges, railways and roads. Ships were built on the coast, too. Now, however, the work has changed. Many foreign companies have built factories in south Scotland where they make computers. Most Scots speak “Scottish English”. They use many different words.
Edinburgh has been called “the Athens of the North”. Like Rome, it was built on seven hills. It is one of the cultural centers of Europe. It may not have the summer sunshine of a Mediterranean city, but Scotland’s capital still draws lots of visitors from all over the world.
The best place for a tourist to begin touring the city is probably Edinburgh Castle, which looks out over the city from the high Castle Rock. The Rock provides wonderful views of the city and the land around it. It is not difficult to see why this is the place where Edinburgh’s history began.
The Royal Mile in Edinburgh is a row of historic streets that have some of the most beautiful old buildings in Europe. It runs from the Castle to one of Edinburgh’s other main buildings. Through the years, the city government has helped this area keep its traditional character.
Today, Edinburgh is famous for biggest arts festival on Earth. The Edinburgh Festival, which begins in August every year, brings musicians, singers and dancers and theater groups from all over the world. Besides the formal performances, there is the Festival Fringe. For three weeks, Edinburgh’s streets are alive with fire-eaters and all kinds of strange and wonderful acts.
7. A short history of Ireland
The island of Ireland is located off mainland Europe to the west and is part of a group of islands, which used to be known as the British Isles. But since the Irish Republic gained its independence in 1922, the term British and Ireland has come into use and is more as Cocles in the Republic.
The English invaded Ireland in 1171 and ruled the country for centuries. Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801, but it soon grew discontented, and for forty years the “Irish Question” was the great headache of the British Parliament. In 1845, a disease infected most of Ireland’s potatoes and caused a famine (饥荒) that lasted four years. More than one million Irish people died from starvation and disease. Another million or so left Ireland for countries like the US and Australia.
The island is divided into two separate political entities, originally created in the 1920s. Covering three-quarters of the island, and containing twenty-six counties, the southern state officially became Republic of Ireland in 1949 some time after it became independent from the UK in 1922 (first called Eire). The remaining six-county state covering the northeast corner of the island is called Northern Ireland and is part of the UK.
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