2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试辽宁卷
英 语
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和D ）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures performbetter on exams than those who use laptops（笔记本电脑）.
Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed andlegibility（清晰度）. But the research has found laptop users are less able to rememberand apply the concepts they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptopincreased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word whatthe professors said.
In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. Theylistened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirtyminutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on howwell they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those whowrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying theconcepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.
The researchers’ report said, “While more notes arc beneficial, if the notes aretaken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”
In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes asbefore but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notesby hand performed significantly better on the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better forimmediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in thefuture.
21. More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can .
A. write more notes B. digest concepts better
C. get higher scores D. understand lectures better
22. While taking notes, laptop users tend to be .
A. skillful B. mindless
C. thoughtful D. tireless
23. The author of the passage aims to .
A. examine the importance of long-term memory
B. stress the benefit of taking notes by hand
C. explain the process of taking notes
D. promote the use of laptops
24. The passage is likely to appear in .
A. a newspaper advertisement B. a computer textbook
C. a scicncc magazine D. a finance report
B
(Q = Question; A = Answer)
Situation I
Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?
A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesn’trealize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren’t thefirst person he’s met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, movequietly and enjoy the show.
Situation II
Q: If 1 use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something?
A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time thing or an emergency? If so, youdon’t have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if youregularly use the bathroom at this place, then you arc a customer, and you should actlike one.
Situation III
Q: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nicc way to ask him to keep itdown?
A: No. Try other means: 1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Liftyour finger in a silence motion（动作）and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignorehim.
Situation IV
Q: If I remember my friend’s birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her ahappy birthday like nothing happened?
A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated birthday!” isshort for: “Well. I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive meand happybirthday.”
Situation V
Q: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was loo busy or lazy to respond to it?
A: Don’t lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond(回复)to it. Why waste aperfectly good lie when the truth will serve? “Yes,” you can say if ever asked, “I sawit.” No explanation is needed as to why you don’t respond.
25. You will get annoyed in a theater when .
A. a person is too active
B. a person is too rude to you
C. a person talks too loudly
D. a person sits too close to you
26. How will you quiet someone down in a public place?
A. By making fun of him continuously.
B. By looking purposefully at him.
C. By talking to him directly.
D. By pointing angrily at him.
27. The underlined word “belated” in Situation IV probably means .
A. prcdictcd B. returned C. cancelled D. delayed
28. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Modern ways to mind your manners.
B. Different ways to change others’ manners.
C. Proper manners to offer help to others.
D. Good manners to talk to people.
C
Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each otherand pass on their wealth to the next generation?
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of usever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survivalof the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: treessurvive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition“depending on who needs it”.
Nitrogen（氮）and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌） networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive justthe right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similarway to the networks of neurons（神经元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed,
it affects all.
Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which allother trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the nextgeneration, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “treesocieties” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survivalfor the entire forest.
“We didn’t take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutritioninto the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could putacross the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towardsour environmental protection efforts for the future.
29. The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means thattrees .
A.compete for survival
B.protect their own wealth
C.depend on each other
D.provide support for dying trees
30. “Mother trees” areextremely important because they .
A.look the largest in size in the forest
B.pass on nutrition to young trees
C.seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D. know more about the complex “tree societies”
31. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .
A.how “tree societies” work
B. how trees grow old
C. how forestry industry develops
D.how young treessurvive
32.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B.Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection
C.Trees Are More Awesome Thart You Think
D.Trees Contribute To Our Society
D
Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees（雇员）and profits (利润) of over $2 million per year. He’s never late to work. He does not getupset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed ather, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter,” he told her. “Nothinganyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be.”
Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an educationprogram that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee’s occupation.The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how tofocus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions（情绪）. Mostimportantly, it taught him willpower.
At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit:willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person s success.
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes itlooks like people with great self-control aren’t working hard—but that’s because they’vemade it automatic,” Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvaniaresearchers said. “Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it.”
The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to trainemployees on self-control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how tomake willpower a habit in workers’ lives. Those courses are, in part, why G&G hasgrown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand storesand profits of more than $10 billion a year.
33.We learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must .
A.learn to give lectures
B.attend education programs
C.design a working uniform
D. develop a common hobby
34.Willpower will become a habit when employeescan .
A.focus on the profits
B.benefit from the job
C.protect themselves well
D.control their feelings well
35.What can we infer from the passage?
A.G&G has grown into a large company.
B.G&G will spend half its profits training employees.
C.G&G may become more successful in the future.
D. G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, theeyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worryabout losing eyesight, but it’s easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthyeyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:
•Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions ofchildren now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, includingeyeglasses.
•Protect against UV rays(紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your
eyes. No matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses.
37
• Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a dayusing computers or other digital products. 38 Experts recommend thatpeople practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break andlook at something 20 feet away.
• 39 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day.Vitamins(维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
•Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses（隐形眼镜）. Many Americans usecontact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidancefor wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight atrisk. 40 Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in theeyes, or a more serious condition.
A.Eat your greens.
B.Eye care should begin early in life.
C.They can properly protect your eyes.
D.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E.Parents usually don’t cane about their own eyesight.
F.Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.
G.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
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