III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Some people think lost memories are impossible to regain, but, 51 , that is not true. A new research reveals that even facts “forgotten” by people during a busy day may be retrieved if this is followed by a good night’s sleep.
In the study, researchers from the University of Chicago asked 52 to remember simple words. Researchers, writing in the journal Nature, said the brain could “rescue” lost memories during the night. Many found their memories 53 towards the end of the day, but the following morning, as the experiment has shown, those who had had a 54 sleep could recall much more.
The 12 people tested in the experiment were played words created through a speech synthesizer (合成器) which were purposely 55 to understand. Initially, the written version of the word was available, but afterwards the volunteers were asked to identify the word from the
56 version only. Tests revealed that as the day ended the ability to recall the right word tended to tail off. But in 57 , when the volunteers were retested after a good night’s sleep, they were able to recall some words that they had “forgotten” the previous evening.
Dr Daniel, one of the study authors, explained, “When the brain is first asked to remember something, that memory is laid down in an ‘unstable’ state, meaning that it is possible that it could be 58 . At some point, the brain consolidates (巩固) important things into a 59 state. However, it was possible for a “stable” memory to be made “unstable” again. This would mean that memories could be modified then filed away again 60 new experiences.”
“But, according to the experiment results, sleep consolidates memories and 61 them against subsequent interference or decay (衰退),” he added. “ 62 , sleep also appears to ‘recover’ or restore memories. If performance is reduced by decay, sleep might actively recover what has been lost.”
Dr Karim Nader, from the Department of Psychology in McGill University in Montreal, said: “Memory research is undergoing a 63 — no longer is memory thought to be a hard-wiring of the brain. 64 , it seems to be a process of storage and clearance. Sleep helps some memories ‘mature’ and also 65 other unimportant memories.”
51.
A. probably
B. actually
C. suddenly
D. generally
52.
A. volunteers
B. sleepers
C. scholars
D. authors
53.
A. putting them off
B. turning them down
C. getting them over
D. letting them down
54.
A. long
B. restless
C. sound
D. light
55.
A. complicated
B. simple
C. easy
D. designed
56.
A. printed
B. audio
C. copied
D. sight
57.
A. reality
B. contrast
C. trouble
D. depth
58.
A. employed
B. regained
C. altered
D. lost
59.
A. lasting
B. limited
C. dangerous
D. critical
60.
A. in memory of
B. in terms of
C. in face of
D. in pursuit of
61.
A. protects
B. facilitates
C. declares
D. measures
62.
A. Therefore
B. However
C. Besides
D. Otherwise
63.
A. transmission
B. transformation
C. transplant
D. transportation
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