代词和数词
【考点分析】
代词
1.人称代词主格与宾格的用法;
2.名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法;
3.反身代词的用法;
4.指示代词this, that, these, those的用法;
5.表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较;
6.some,any的用法辨析;
7.each, every的用法辨析;
8.(a) little,(a)few,a bit的用法辨析;
9.替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法辨析;
10.another, (the) other(s), else; the rest的用法辨析;
11.every-,some-,any-,no-与thing,-one,-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。
数词
1.基数词的确指和不确指;
2.数词与主谓一致关系;
3.dozen和score的用法;
4.序数词与冠词的连用。
【知识点归纳】
(一)代词
代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大灵活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是1)机械地套用语法规则;2)用汉语思维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。
I.代词的分类
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单数 |
复数 |
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第一 人称 |
第二 人称 |
第三 人称 |
第一 人称 |
第二 人称 |
第三 人称 |
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人称代词 |
主格 |
I |
you |
he she it |
we |
you |
they |
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宾格 |
me |
you |
him her it |
us |
You |
them |
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物主代词 |
形容 词性 |
my |
your |
his her its |
our |
your |
their |
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名词性 |
mine |
yours |
his hers its |
ours |
yours |
theirs |
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反身代词 |
myself |
yourself |
himself herself itself |
ourselves |
yourselves |
themselves |
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指示代词 |
this that such |
these those such |
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相互代词 |
宾格 |
each other one another |
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所有格 |
each other’s one another’s |
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不定代词 |
可数 |
one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither |
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不可数 |
much, (a) little |
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可数不可数 |
any other all some |
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复合 不定代词 |
anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing |
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疑问代词 |
who whom whose which what |
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连接代词 |
who whom whose which what（参见专题八） |
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关系代词 |
who whom whose which that（参见专题八） |
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II.代词的用法
1.人称代词
①在句中作主语,用主格，在句中作宾语,则用宾格;
She teaches them physics.
②在句中作表语,常用宾格;
Who is it? It’s me.
但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story.
在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。
③两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时,其顺序是：
单数按2,3,1人称排列，复数按1,2,3人称顺序排列。
you, she and I ; we, you and they
2.物主代词
①形容词性物主代词只能作宾语
We love our motherland.
②名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语
Your coat is black while mine is red.
3.反身代词
①用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语
He teaches himself Japanese every evening.(宾语)
She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。(表语)
I myself can repair the bike.(主语的同位语)
②常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳
by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己
be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快
seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿
devote oneself to专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气
come to oneself苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气
4.指示代词
①this和that是近指, that和those 是远指
I don’t want this book. I want that one.
②有时为了避免重复,常用that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词
At this time of year, the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing.
③this和that都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用that指代较后面的用this;但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用this，不能用that。此外，还可用于代替上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词，且后面带有of短语修饰。
Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.
健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中this=wealth;that=health)
They cant afford it.That/this is their problem.
What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this不能用that替换)
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou.
④such的用法
such 一般在句中作定语和主语.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。
Such is my answer.
Such are the results of the exams.
I have never seen such beautiful flowers.
用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在such之后such a good book。
5.相互代词
①在句中可作宾语
They help each other and learn from each other.
②加’s后成为所有格,作定语
They asked about one another’s life and work.
6.不定代词
不定代词种类较多,在使用时应注意其用法与区别。为了便于记忆我们择其重点以表格的形式列出。
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不定代词 |
区 别 |
例 句 |
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one, some， any和it |
one可以泛指人或者事（东西），其复数为ones。 |
①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet. A.one B.ones C.it D.them ②Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those |
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some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 |
—Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico．Would you like ________? A.it B.some C.this D.1ittle |
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some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 |
①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. ②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? —________way as you please. A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either |
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one指同类中的一个，it指代同一种类的东西。记住下列三点区别： ①it =the /this/ my…+单数名词 one =a/an+单数名词 ②it代替特定的单数名词 one代替不特定的单数名词 ③one之前加上定冠词the可以表示特指,one前如有形容词修饰,之前还可以加上不定冠词,但是it之前既不能加冠词也不能加形容词修饰。 |
①—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it ②This film is an interesting one. ③Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best. |
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some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 |
①There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________. A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some D.a little,any ②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________. A.none B.either C.any D.each ③He doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old desk. A. any B. many C. some D. much |
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each和every |
each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 |
①Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has a dictionary.= We each have a dictionary. ②Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points. |
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all和both |
both指两个人或物,而all指三个以上的人或物. 在句中都可作主语，宾语,表语,同位语和定语 |
①—Which of the two books will you take? —I’ll take ____and I think ____of them is very important to me. A. either; neither B. neither; both C. both; either D. either; both ②—Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most? —____.They are both cheap and of great importance. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All |
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