高考英语阅读急救箱(44):超导材料

所属专题:高考阅读急救箱  来源:    要点:高考英语阅读指导  
编辑点评: 在做高考英语阅读理解时,你是否有过这样的困惑:做题时间永远不够?满篇都是生单词?即使看懂文章大意,也抓不住主题和写作目的?都被说中了,有木有!不要急,小编在此精心为大家归类总结阅读理解题型及解题技巧,更附上练习题方便大家练习掌握!

今日学习

小编在此为大家附上高考英语阅读的高频词汇,同时也会增加阅读难度哦,一起来看看吧。

小方法

71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊
72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度
73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的
74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的
75. petrol n. 汽油
76. petroleum n. 石油
77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁
78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽
79. decent a. 像样的,体面的
80. route n. 路;路线;航线

小小练习

The Stone Age, the Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of super stuff. Material science -- once the least sexy technology - is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.

The key to the new materials is researchers'increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.

A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides, composites - plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds - made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman's life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.

Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.

But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.

1、Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?
[A] To compare them with the new materials.
[B] To show the significance of the new materials on the future world
[C] To compare the new materials to them.
[D] To explain his view point.

2、Why is transition difficult?
[A] Because transition requires money and time.
[B] Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.
[C] Because research on new materials is very difficult.
[D]Because it takes 10 years.

3、Where lies success of a country in the New Age of super stuff?
[A] It lies in research
[B] It lies in investment
[C] It lies in innovation
[D] It lies in application.

4、 How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?
[A] Two
[B] Three
[C] Four
[D] Five

难句译注:
1.    Material science - once the least sexy technology - is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
【参考译文】材料科学一度曾是最无吸引力(最不起眼)的技术,正以崭新的,以超导陶瓷为首的种种实用性发明绽开新颜。这种超导陶瓷可能会使电子技术彻底改变。

2.    Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiber optic cables that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
【参考译文】有些高级材料是带有新方法的老标准。最新全国电话的光纤电缆由玻璃制成。这种玻璃透明度极高,一片100英里厚的玻璃比一块准的窗框玻璃还要清晰透明。

写作方法与文章大意:
这是一篇介绍“超导材料”的论说文,采用一般到具体的分类写作手法。先指出未来时代的材料属于超导,然后再提出三种超导材料,再逐一说明。第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具体讲这三种材料。第二段讲陶瓷:“新材料之关键在于研究工作者不断提高在分子水平上处理物质的能力。举陶瓷为例,由于它的脆性,长期来应用范围有限。但是通过改善导致脆性的微小缺陷,科学家制造出一种保持原有硬度和抗热性,但坚实得多的陶瓷”。第三段讲塑料。“类似的转折发生在塑料上,高强度的塑料建成了桥梁、溜冰场、直升机的叶轮。一种震动或推动就能发电的新型塑料用于电子吉他上,触及传感塑料用于机械手和空手道外衣上,它能自动记录每次击打。”后面谈及塑料垃圾可以处理,或者制造可分解还原的塑料制品。塑料内加入其他化合物加强性能。第四段讲有些高级材料由新的改变,最新的光纤电缆由玻璃制成,透明度极高, 100英里厚的一块其清晰度比一块普通窗玻璃还高。

答案反白可见

1. 答案   B 三种超导材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。

2. 答案   B 说明这种新材料对未来世界的意义。答案在第一段:“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定会象生物工程和计算机一样将改变世界。”
A. 把它们和新材料相比较,这里不仅仅是比较,而是说明三者都具同样的作用--改变世界。
C. 把新材料比作它们。也不仅仅是比喻比拟。 与A一样没有说到核心电。
D. 说明他的观点太笼统。

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