★今日学习★
今天我们来介绍逆向推理的方法哦。
★小方法★
1.所谓逆向推理即记号明显的题目，往往是文章中给出了一个关系，时间关系，比较关系，否定关系，转折关系或者加减变化等关系。
2.如一个公式一样，告诉你A〉B, A=60,问关于B能推出什么？很显然，B〈60。大部分情况下，推理题的文章中都设了一个关系，最常见的为时间关系,比较关系,转折让步关系及变化、加减关系。找到记号，找到逻辑，公式逆转即可迅速做出 。
★小小练习★
“…The nineteenth century brought with it a burst of new discoveries and inventions that revolutionized the candle industry and made lighting available to all. In the early-to-mid-nineteenth century, a process was developed to refine tallow (fat from animals) with alkali and sulfuric acid. The result was a product called stearin. Stearin is harder and burns longer than unrefined tallow. This breakthrough meant that it was possible to make tallow candles that would not produce the usual smoke and rancid odor. Stearins were also derived from palm oils, so vegetable waxes as well as animal fats could be used to make candles …”
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about candles before the nineteenth century?
A. They did not smoke when they were burned.
B. They produced a pleasant odor as they burned.
C. They were not available to all.
D. They contained sulfuric acid.
答案： C
解析：该题问关于19世纪以前的蜡烛从第一段可以推出什么？扫读文章，开头便提到19世纪。说19世纪带来了一系列的发明和发现，使蜡烛产业发生了革命性的变化，将光亮带给了所有人。这是19世纪之后的情况，逻辑倒转，19世纪之前是没有这些发明和发现的，也不是所有人都可以照明的。
译文反白可见
译文：“…十九世纪带来了一阵新的发现和发明,彻底改变了蜡烛照明产业,令可供所有人。在早期到中期十九世纪,一个过程是发达完善脂(从动物脂肪)与碱和硫酸。结果是一个产品名为硬脂。硬脂是困难和燃烧的时间比未精制牛油。这一突破,就意味着它是可能脂蜡烛,不会产生通常的烟和令人作呕的味道。硬脂精也来自棕榈油,所以植物蜡以及动物脂肪可以用来制造蜡烛…”
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