Success DOES depend on your parents' intelligence: Exam results are influenced by genes, not teaching成功的确取决于父母智力：考试成绩由基因决定而非教学
• An American scientist at Kings College London found inherited intelligence could account for nearly 60 per cent of a teenager's GCSE results在英国伦敦国王学院，一位美国科学家发现遗传智力占据近60%的青少年的中等学历
• The school environment, quality of teaching and home environment has less of an effect on students' exam results学校环境，教学质量和家庭环境对学生考试成绩影响甚微
• Professor Robert Plomin thinks genetic scanning could eventually be used to identity particularly gifted children or those with academic weaknesses罗伯特•普罗名教授认为基因扫描是最能辨别聪颖和驽钝的孩子的方法
Some pupils are naturally brighter than others, a study of twins suggests.
一项双胞胎实验研究显示，一些孩子天生比别人要聪明很多。
The research shows inherited intelligence accounts for almost two thirds of marks in GCSEs, while the amount of work done in class accounts for the rest.
研究显示遗传智力占据了中等教育中大约2/3的成绩，然而学校的表现影响了其他方面。
This suggests raising the standard of teaching in schools may have a limited impact on children’s academic achievement when compared with the genes they are born with. Or, put more simply, nature trumps nurture.
同时，当研究学家将教学质量提升与孩子们的基因相比较时发现，教学质量的提升可能对他们的考试成绩效果甚微。或者，换句话说，先天优于后天。
Kings College London research found inherited intelligence could account for nearly 60 per cent of a teenager's GCSE results, while quality of teaching only influences results by a third. The study was based upon long-term analysis of twins who sat the standard school exams at the age of 16英国伦敦国王学院的研究显示，遗传智力占据近60%的青少年的中等学历，而教学质量只影响1/3。这个研究是基于长期分析一对双胞胎在16岁时候的成绩得来
Professor Robert Plomin, who based the study on the exam results of thousands of children, said genetics had been overlooked because of concerns about ‘labelling’ children.
罗伯特•普罗名教授分析上千名学生的成绩，以此作为基础进行研究。他说基因一直被忽略，因为这会为孩子贴上标签。
But he said his findings could spell the end of the generalised approach to schooling in favour of a system tailored to individual ability.
但是，他说他的发现能彻底改变教学的普遍方法。他赞成根据学生能力分别教育的体系。
Genetic scanning could flag up children’s strengths and weaknesses early on in their school career, enabling teachers to identify how best to help them. ‘Kids label each other already. They know who’s sporty, who’s bright,’ he told The Spectator.
基因扫描能标记孩子们的优势和弱势早在他们学生时代的时候，它帮助教师判断如何最好地帮助学生。“孩子们早已相互标签过对方了。他们知道谁运动细胞好，谁聪明，”他告诉旁观者。
‘If we can read a kid’s genome we can predict and prevent disease. If we can read their DNA, we can tailor the teaching to help a kid with learning difficulties. Surely it’s worse to just sit in a classroom and sink, unable to read because no one has identified that you might have trouble.’
“如果我们检查一个孩子的染色体组，我们能够预测和阻止疾病。如果我们研究他们的DNA，我们能帮助一个学习障碍的孩子找到合适的教学手段。当然，倘若你总是呆在教室，足不出户，这更加糟糕。因为，没人会发现你有阅读障碍问题。”
Professor Plomin, of the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College London, runs the Twins Early Development Study, which follows all twins born in England and Wales from 1994 to 1996.
普罗名教授来自英国伦敦国王学院精神病学研究所，他进行了双胞胎早期发展研究项目，追踪研究1994年至1996年所有在英格兰和威尔士出生的双胞胎。
Analysis of the GCSE results of more than 11,100 of them suggested genetic background had a ‘substantial’ impact on their results. In science it accounted for 58 per cent of scores, in maths for 55 per cent and English 52 per cent.
中等教育的结果是分析超过11,100名被试者得来的，其显示基因对他们的结果产生了本质的影响。科学中，它占据了58%的成绩，数学中55%，英语中52%。
IQ scores have been linked with genes before and Professor Plomin said the advantage increased with age. ‘Little genetic differences become bigger and bigger as you go through life,’ he said. ‘Bright kids read more, they hang out with kids who read more.’
以前，智商就与基因相联，普罗名教授说优势随着年龄而变得明显。“当你阅历越来越深时，微小的基因差别将变得越来越大，”他说。“聪明的孩子书读得多，他们与同类型的孩子出去玩。”
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