一、2012上海卷高考英语听力考试趋势分析:
上海高考英语的听力分值为30分,占整个卷面的五分之一,可见其重要性。高考听力的题型有两种:选择题和填空题,只有上海卷的选项是四选一,其余各省试卷均是三个选项,这就增加了听力的难度。题量上,上海是24道,而全国卷是20道,这也增加了听力的难度。从听力内容上看可以分为:短对话、长对话、语篇(短文、独白)。虽然自主命题试卷的听力部分风格各异,题量不同,各题赋分也不同,但所有真题均符合考试大纲的要求,即听力部分主要考察学生在交际语境中是否能够捕捉细节(能获取重要的事实信息),揣摩说话人的弦外之音(能理解话语中隐含意思),归纳对话或语篇的主旨大意,以及对所听内容作出推理判断。即:四大信息的获取能力。具体来说包括:推断话题发生的场景,猜测说话人之间的关系,判断出题者的意图等等。
2012年的上海的英语听力,难度比去年稍有提升,试题设计有坡度和区分度,测试了考生在各种真实语境的应对能力。情境广泛多样,10个短对话包括了旅馆、面试、购物、音乐会、火车站、家庭、饮食、帮助、找工作等日常生活场景,所以掌握一些场景词汇是十分重要的,比如:餐馆场景、邮局场景、图书馆场景、医院场景、Hotel旅馆、银行场景、机场场景、办公场景、电话场景、商店场景等等。
从听力的考点来看,短对话趋向于对隐含信息和推理判断信息的把握,包括数字计算题、场景猜测题、对话者之间的关系等等。2012年上海卷高考听力第一个语篇是关于领导对员工的信任、第二个语篇是关于加拿大英语的根源;第三个长对话是关于大学选课;最后一个长对话是关于出国留学生活。不过,总体来讲,高考英语听力并不是很难,同学们只要掌握了听取关键信息、掌握一定的听力技巧,是可以在听力部分完胜的!
二、听力丢分的原因:
★ 听力能力的强弱往往和以下原因有关:
1)词汇量(单词、词组)不够,语法结构掌握不牢固;
2)考生本身的语音语调不够准确;
3)平时听得不多,或者只听美式发音或英式发音,对声音信息的解码能力弱;
4)知识面比较狭窄,缺乏很多应有的背景知识;
5)做题技巧出现问题,如没有在放录音之前快速看一下试题或没有记录下一些关键信息(如数字题);
6)心态不好,一道题失利后,纠结太久,造成多米诺骨牌效应;
7)没有检查,造成急急忙忙写下的答案漏洞百出。
★ 而有些人并没有辨音困难,但对一段没有语言难点的英文话语,仍需听很多遍才能理解其思想内容,对于这种情况,听力理解的困难在很大程度上是话语思想意图推理的速度和程度问题。因此对讲话人思想意图的推理是英语听力理解的关键,需要专门训练。
听力考试具有极强的时间效应,听力过程不具备复制性,考生必须学会掌握一定的听力技巧,充分利用宝贵的每一分钟。掌握听力技巧,比如:如何捕获关键信息?如何快速做听力笔记?数字题、建议题、态度观点题、暗示题的解题技巧?等等。数字题要掌握关键词的定位,比如同学们在听到有关于时间、日期、星期、年份、年代、数字、分数、百分数、小数等就要格外留心,迅速记下,因为这些往往是出题的考点。
除此之外,同学们还要经常听例如BBC、VOA等广播节目,利用多媒体等手段,多角度进行听力训练。
听力速记:速记符号、缩写形式
常见听力速记符号总结
一、缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:
1.去掉元音 |
wk = week |
wt = weight |
qlty = quality |
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rm = room |
mkt = market |
mgr = manager |
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gd = good |
pl = people |
bldg = building |
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mdl = model |
rcv = receive |
expln = explain |
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tks = thanks |
fnl = final |
mvmt = movement |
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ttl = total |
flt = flight |
bkgd = background |
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pls = please |
cncl = cancel |
msg = message |
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rpt = repeat |
cmp = complete |
cnf = conference |
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trd = trade |
prblm = problem |
gvt =government |
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trf = traffic |
intst = interested |
ncry = necessary |
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2.用撇号代替字母 |
am't = amount |
cont'd = continued |
gov't = government |
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del'y = delivery |
tech'gy = technology |
educat'l = educational |
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3.只保留前几个字母 |
mar = marketing |
esp = especially |
ind = individual |
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cus = customer |
budg = budget |
pres = presentation |
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cli = client |
biol = biology |
info = information |
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subj = subject |
assoc = associate |
chem = chemistry |
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pol = politics |
ins = insurance |
exch = exchange |
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lib = liberal |
max = maximum |
ach = achievement |
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adv = advice |
min = minimum |
intro = introduction |
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tel = telephone |
rep = repetition |
acc = accountant |
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bal = balance |
cond= condition |
disc= discount |
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ord = ordinary |
prod = product |
indiv= individual |
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ref = reference |
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conc =concern/concerning/concerned/concentration |
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4.在缩略词后加s |
chpts = chapters |
custs = customers |
egs = examples |
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5.使用g代表词尾的ing |
ckg = checking |
estg = establishing |
decrg = decreasing |
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pkg = packing |
ff = following |
exptg = experimenting |
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mktg = marketing |
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6.根据发音 |
r = are |
u = you |
ur= your |
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wl = will |
tho = though |
thru = through |
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pc = piece |
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7.标准缩写 |
eg.= example |
UK=United Kingdom |
Ad. = advertisement |
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Co.= company |
e.g. = for example |
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8.其他 |
apt = apartment |
acdg = according |
acpt = accept |
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ads = address |
amt = amount |
apv = approve |
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poss(bl)= possible |
imps= impossible |
cmu= communication |
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incd= include |
posn = position |
quty = quantity |
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regl = regular |
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8.词组的缩写 |
IOU = I owe you |
I/O = In stead of |
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FYR = for your reference |
AMAP= as much/many as possible |
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ASAP= as soon as possible |
IVO= In view of |
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NLT= No later than |
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2012年上海卷听力音频:
上海卷听力材料:
1.W: Hello, may I help you?
M: Yes, we would like to check into our room.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
2.W: Come on, John! Relax! What can go wrong?
M: At my first job interview? Plenty.
Q: How does the man feel?
3.M: Good morning, madam, what can I do for you?
W: Well, someone at the hotel suggested I come here to buy a coat.
Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
4.W: I gave Dave 300 dollars for his sponsored concert.
M: 300 dollars? Sandy, you must be mad! I wish I had 300 dollars to throw round like that.
Q: What does the man mean?
5.M: Shall I come and take you to the railway station?
W: No, thanks, I’ll manage. It’s not far any way.
Q: What can we learn about the woman?
6. W: How many children have you got?
M: Two. John’s five and Clair’s four. And there’s another one on the way.
Q: How many children will the man most probably have?
7. W: Do you know how I can stop drinking too much coffee?
M: No, but I wish I did. I spend too much money at cafe’s.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
8. W: Could you give me a hand moving this cupboard, please?
M: Well, I’d rather not if you don’t mind. I’m not feeling well today.
Q: What does the man mean?
9. M: Tom’ s house is a mess! Doesn’t he ever clean it?
W: I guess he just has too much ails on his mind with that new job.
Q: What can we learn about Tom?
10.M: I didn’t have any trouble in finding accommodation in Britain.
W: According to my experience, it sounds too good to be true.
Q: what does the woman mean?
passage 1:
Well, I own a small data processing company, in which I employ about eight to ten workers. And the point I want to make has to do with trust. I know it’s possible to force people to be 100% efficient. But I think when you do that, you lose confidence and trust. I let my employees use our equipment and make personal phone calls. They are more than welcome to decide what is right and wrong. Because I think you can’t run a company by just giving orders to robots and watching them like big brother, right? I think you have to trust people and give them a little freedom. And also, as far as phone calls and all that go, I want my people to call home and check on their children and know their children are safe and sound. As a result, I have devoted employees who are willing to go that extra mile and I can honestly say they show up to work smiling. So I get more satisfaction and rewards by trusting my employees than by suspecting them of doing something wrong.
Questions:
11. Which of the following does the speaker allow his employees to do?
12. What result does the speaker expect to see under his management?
13. What does the speaker consider important in running a small company?
Passage 2
Questions14-16 are based on the following passage:
The roots of Canadian English can be found in the events which followed the American revolution of 1776. Those who had supported Britain found themselves unable to stay in the new United States, and most went to Canada. They were soon followed by many thousands who were attracted by the cheapness of land. Within 50 years, the population of upper Canada had reached 100 thousand, mainly people from the United States. In the east, the Atlantic provinces had been settled by English speakers as early as the 15th century, but even today, these areas contain less than ten per cent of the population, so that they have only a limited role in the development of Canadian English. In Quebec, the majority of people use French as a mother tone. Here English and French exist together but uneasily. Because of its origins, Canadian English has a great deal in common with the rest of the English spoken in North America, and is often difficult to distinguish for people who live outside the region. To British people, Canadians may sound American; to Americans, they may sound British. Canadians themselves insist on not being identified with either, and certainly, there is a great deal of evidence in support of this view.
Questions:
14. Why did many Americans leave for Canada after the revolution?
15. What can we learn about people in the Atlantic provinces?
16. What conclusion can be drawn about Canadian English from this passage?
Section C
Directions: in Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Blanks 17-20 are based on the following conversation:
A: Good morning, Leeds University students registration center.
B: Good morning, I need to register for a class.
A: OK. May I take your name, please?
B: Sure, it’s Andrew Smith.
A: Which department do you study with?
B: The history department.
A: May I have your student ID?
B: HD3309.
A: What class are you trying to take?
B: I want to take a photography class.
A: Well, there’re only two classes open.
B: Can you tell me what days the classes are on?
A: One is on Tuesday, from 2 pm. to 4 pm.
B: And the other?
A: From 10:00 to 12:00 on Thursday.
B: OK, sign me up for the class on Tuesday.
A: Very well, then.
Complete the form. Write one word for each answer.
Blanks 21-24 are based on the following conversation:
A: Welcome to our program, Anny. Please tell our audience the best things about the experiment in international living.
B: Well, my group was great! And I love my host family.
A: Can you tell us about your group?
B: Well, we were all high school students from the US. But we were very different.
A: You mean from different cities, with different religions and cultures?
B: Yes, and I was existed about that. We learnt that we weren’t really so different.
A: What do you mean?
B: Well, we became such good friends. More than friends, we were like a family.
A: Wonderful. I’d like to know more about your host family.
B: Oh, I loved my host family in Costa Rica. They were my family, too. I felt like I was their daughter.
A: So nice! Did you have any problems speaking with them?
B: No, not really. Actually, I learnt a lot of Spanish from them. And I also learnt that language is not always so important.
A: What do you mean?
B: Well, in some cases, a simple smile can say more than words.
A: Thanks so much, Anny.
Complete the form. Write no more than 3 words for each answer.