第七课:文化遗迹
SPEAKING
Your job is to make a culture capsule.
你的工作是做一个文化舱。
This capsule is a large box (about2×2 metres).
这个舱是一个大箱子(约2×2 m)。
It will be sent into space so that anyone who finds it will understand who we are.
它将被发射进入太空,这样发现它的人就知道我们是谁了。
Work in pairs to prepare a “Chinese Culture Capsule”.
两个人一组准备一个“中国文化舱”。
You can select five things that represent Chinese culture,
你可以选五件象征中国文化的东西,
but you cannot put any living things in the capsule.
但不得在舱里放置任何生物。
You may also include a short message (two sentences) in any language in the box,
你还可以在箱子上用任何一种语言写一封短信(两个句子),
but remember that those who find the capsule may not understand your language.
但记住:发现这个舱的人也许不懂你的语言。
A CITY OF HEROES
英雄之城
Where there is a river, there is a city.
哪里有河流,哪里就有城市。
Perhaps this is not always true,
或许并不总是这样,
but it is true that many of the world’s greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.
但世界上很多最伟大的城市确实是建在河流两岸的。
The Neva River flows through the center of St Petersburg in Russia.
涅瓦河流经俄罗斯圣·彼得堡城的中心。
Three hundred years ago,
三百年前,
the Russian Czar Peter the Great came here and built a new capital—St Petersburg.
俄国沙皇彼得大帝来到这里建起新都——圣·彼得堡。
Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.
像他的国家一样,彼得大帝既强壮又傲慢。
Many great palaces were built during his lifetime.
很多辉煌的宫殿是在他在世时建造的。
The palaces were large and beautiful,
这些宫殿雄伟壮丽,
and they often looked like something out of a fairy tale.
看起来像神话中的楼阁。
St Petersburg has also been the centre of many important events in history.
圣·彼得堡在历史上也曾是很多重大事件的中心。
In 1941, the Germans tried to destroy the city.
1941年,德国人试图毁灭这座城市。
It was under attack for 900 days,but the people of the city never gave in.
它遭到攻击达900天,但市民们从未屈服。
The Germans burned many of the palaces as they left.
德国人离去时烧掉了很多宫殿。
St Petersburg was almost in ruins: fires burned everywhere.
圣·彼得堡几乎成了一片废墟:到处都是火。
Buildings were destroyed, and paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground.
建筑物遭到破坏,地上到处都是油画和雕塑的碎片。
Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible,
重建这座城市和它的文化遗迹看起来是不可能的,
but the people of this great city would not give up,
但这座伟大城市的人民不会放弃,
“We will not let our history and culture be destroyed,
“我们不会让我们的历史文化从此泯灭,
and we would do everything we can to save our city!”
我们将尽最大努力来拯救我们的城市!”
When the Nazis had gone, the people of St Petersburg began rebuilding the city.
纳粹走了之后,圣·彼得堡的人们开始了城市的重建工作。
Pieces of the palaces that had been hidden before the Nazis came
纳粹入侵之前被藏起来的宫殿的一些小部件
could now be used to rebuild the city and its culture.
现在可用来重建这座城市和它的文化了。
It was not easy.
这并不容易。
Paintersand workers had to be very careful when they were trying to bring the city back to life.
在力图恢复整个城市的过程中,画师们和工人们必须非常细心。
It was difficult to save the palaces and buildings without destroying their old beauty.
不破坏他们的旧貌而拯救宫殿和建筑物很难。
With the help of old paintings and photographs,
在一些旧油画和旧照片的帮助下,
the people of St Petersburg were able to bring back the beauty of their culture and history.
圣·彼得堡的人们得以恢复他们历史文化的原貌。
Now, after years of hard work,
现在,经过多年的艰苦工作,
parts of statues have been put back together and missing pieces have been replaced.
部分雕塑已经放回原处,散失的碎片被其他东西替代了。
Old paintings, including a portrait of Peter the Great which was found in the snow outside St Petersburg,
一些旧油画,包括在圣·彼得堡郊外雪地里发现的一幅彼得大帝的肖像画,
have beencarefully recreated,
被细心地修复了,
and the old palaces have been made as wonderful as in the past.
古老的宫殿建得和过去一样美妙绝伦。
Today Peter the Great on his bronze horse can once again look out over the city he built.
今天,骑着青铜马的彼得大帝能够再次察看他建造的这座城市。
Like their hero Peter, the people of St Petersburg have shown that dreams can come true.
像他们的英雄彼得一样,圣·彼得堡的人们已经证明梦想可以成真。
Strong, proud, and united,
强壮,骄傲,团结,
the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.
圣·彼得堡的人们是俄罗斯的当代英雄。
重点·难点·考点及疑点注释
语法:现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态由“have/has + been +过去分词”构成。
The old palaces have been made as wonderful as in the past.
The statue of Peter the Great has been brought back to the city.
The city has been visited since it was built hundreds of years ago.
INTEGRATING SKILLS
Reading and Writing
In your lifetime, you will often see something that makes you happy, sad or angry.
在你一生中,你会经常遇到一些令人高兴、难过或者生气的事情。
You may want to tell others about your feelings.
你或许想把自己的感受告诉他人。
To make your voiceheard, you can write a letter to a newspaper editor.
要把你的意见说给别人听,你可以给报纸编辑写信。
Here is an example:
这儿有一个例子:
Dear Editor,
亲爱的编辑:
I live in Paris, France.
我住在法国巴黎。
In my country there is a famous site called the Chauvet Caves.
在法国有一个著名的地方,叫肖维岩洞。
I am very worried about it
我对它很担忧,
because some of the cave paintings have been destroyed by air pollution.
因为有些洞穴壁画被空气污染破坏了。
No, the pollution does not come from cars or factories, but from human beings.
不,污染不是来自汽车和工厂,而是来自人类。
Thousands of tourists visit the cave every year.
每年有成千上万人参观这个洞。
The carbon dioxide fromtheir breath is damaging the paintings.
它们呼出的二氧化碳正破坏着壁画。
I think one way to solve the problem is to put glass walls in front of the paintings.
我认为解决这个问题的一个方法是在画像前面装上玻璃墙。
Second, the number of visitors should be limited.
其次,应该控制游客的人数。
And we should build a websiteswherepeople can look at the pictures and paintings.
我们还应该建一个网站,人们可以在这里欣赏图片和画像。
Yours sincerely,
谨启
Sophie
索菲
READING
THE OLYMPIC GAMES
奥林匹克运动会
Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.
世界各地的运动员每四年参加一次奥林匹克运动会。
Both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games are held every four years.
夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会都是每四年一次。
The Winter Olympic Games are usually held two years before the Summer Olympic Games.
冬季奥运会通常是在夏季奥运会之前两年举行。
The ancient Olympic Games began around the year 776 BC in Greece.
古代奥林匹克运动会创始于公元前776年左右,是在希腊召开的。
Many of the sports were the same as they are now.
过去的许多项目同现在的都一样。
Some of the games inwhich the young men competed were: running, jumping and wrestling.
那时青年男子参加的竞赛项目有赛跑、跳远和摔跤。
Women were not allowed to take part in the games.
妇女是不允许参加运动会的。
After about the year 393 AD the Olympic Games stopped.
大约在公元393年之后,奥林匹克运动会停止举办了。
For centuries there were no Olympic Games.
连续几百年没有召开过。
But they were not forgotten.
但是它们并没有被人们遗忘。
The first Olympic Games in modern times happened in 1896.
首届现代奥运会于1896年举行。
They were held in Greece—the country in which the Games were born.
是在奥运会的发源地——希腊举行的。
In the Games there were 311 competitors from just 13 countries.
在这次奥运会上,只有来自13个国家的311名参赛者。
After that more and more countries joined in the games.
此后,越来越多的国家参加了奥运会。
In 2000, over 10, 000 athletes from 227 countries
2000年,有来自227个国家的10, 000多名运动员
went to Sydney, Australia, for the 27th Olympic Games!
参加了在澳大利亚悉尼举行的第27届奥运会。
There are 300 different events in the Games.
这次奥运会上有300种不同的比赛项目,
Horse-riding, hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events.
赛马、掷链球和射击是几项比较不常见的项目。
The Olympic motto is “Faster, Higher, Stronger.”
奥林匹克的箴言是:“更快、更高、更强。”
It means that everyathlete should try to run faster, jump higher and throw further.
它意味着每个运动员都应该争取跑得更快,跳得更高,掷得更远。
They do their best to win medals.
运动员都尽最大努力去夺取奖牌。
In the 1984 Olympic Games,
在1984年的奥运会上,
Carl Lewis from the USA won four gold medals in track and field
美国队的卡尔·刘易斯在田径场上夺得四枚金牌,
and became one of the best sportsmen in the20th century.
成为20世纪最优秀的运动员之一。
In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals,
在悉尼,中国队获得了28枚金牌,
ranking third of all the competing countries.
列所有参赛国家的第三位。
Many of the Chinese medals were won in diving and gymnastics
中国队的很多奖牌来自跳水和体操
and also in events such as weightlifting and shooting.
以及其他一些项目像举重、射击等。
Following the history making success in the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games,
继2000年在悉尼奥运会上取得历史性的胜利之后,
China won another great competition in 2001 which was not for a medal.
中国于2001年赢得了另一项不是为了争夺奖牌的重大竞赛。
It was the competition between countries to host the Olympic Games.
这就是各国之间为了争取奥运会的承办而展开的竞争。
In 2008, the 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.
2008年,第29届奥运会将在北京举行。
To make it the best ever Games, the capital city will make several changes.
为了把它办成一届历史上盛况空前的运动会,这座首都城市将有几项大的变化。
New buildings and sports venues will be built.
将兴建一些新的建筑物和运动场,
More trees will be planted and new roads will be built.
将种植更多的树,开辟新的交通道路。
The people of Beijing, and of the whole country,
北京人民,包括全国各族人民
will be preparing to light the Olympic torch
正准备点燃奥运圣火,
to welcome athletes and sports fans from all over the world.
欢迎来自世界各地的运动员和体育爱好者。
重点·难点·考点及疑点注释
1.know about意为“了解,知道……的情况”。
I know about her but I don’t know her.
我知道有关她的情况,但我不认识她。
2. stand for意为“代表,代替;为……的缩写,象征”(不可用被动语态)。
GNP stands for gross national product.
GNP代表国民生产总值。
Our flag stands for our country.
我们的旗帜代表我们的国家。
3. take part in 意为“参加”,指参加会议或参加某一项活动,这个短语动词不能使用被动语态。
John takes an active part in many school activities.
约翰积极参加学校的许多活动。
4. the same as意为“和……一样”。
Your opinion is the same as mine.
你的意见和我的一样。
She did the same as her mother had done.
她做的和她妈妈从前做的一样。
Is the price the same as before liberation?
价格和解放前相同吗?
5.adj./adv.(比较级) + and + adj./adv.(比较级)是一种双重比较的结构,表示持续不断的变化,意为“越来越……”。
She is getting thinner and thinner.
她变得越来越瘦了。
She felt more and more nervous.
她感到越来越紧张不安了。
The kite is flying higher and higher.
风筝飞得越来越高了。
6.do one’s best意为“尽最大努力”,后面通常跟不定式短语,意为“尽力干某事”。其中best是well的最高级。
I will do my best to help you.
我愿意尽最大努力帮助你。
I am going to do my best this year.
今年我将尽自己的最大努力。
7.have effects on或have an effect on,意为“对……起作用/有影响”。
The medicine had a good effect on me.
那种药对我有良好功效。
What he said had great effects on his son.
他的话对他儿子影响极大。
8.make sure意为“确定,弄清楚,查明;确保,安排妥,务必”,后面可以接of短语、不定式或从句。
He looked behind to make sure he was not being followed.
他往后看了看确保没有人跟踪。
Will you make sure of his return?
请你查明他是否真的回来了,好吗?
Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out.
出去之前一定要关掉收音机。
语法:将来时的被动语态
将来时的被动语态由“will/shall + be +过去分词”构成,表示将来要进行的被动动作。
New buildings and sports venues will be built.
将兴建新的建筑物和运动场。
More trees will be planted and new roads will be built.
更多的树木将被种植、新路将被修建。
The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.
29届奥运会将在北京举行。
INTEGRATING SKILLS
Reading and Writing
YAO MING
姚明
Born:Sep. 12, 1980 in Shanghai, China
出生:1980年9月12日,中国上海
Height:2.26 m(7.5 feet)
身高:2.26米(7.5英尺)
Weight:134 kg
体重:134公斤
Position:Centre
位置:中锋
Club:Shanghai Sharks, the Houston Rockets
俱乐部:上海大白鲨职业篮球队,休斯顿火箭队
In his last season with the Shanghai Sharks,
在上海大白鲨队的最后一个赛季里,
Chinese superstar basketball player Yao Ming scored 32.4 points per game.
中国超级篮球明星姚明平均每场比赛得32.4分。
Now the big man from China is helping the Houston Rockets in the NBA.
现在,这个来自中国的大个子在NBA的休斯顿火箭队效力。
Yao Ming has more than just size:
姚明不只是个子高:
he also has great skill and speed and he is a team player.
他的技巧和速度也很了得,而且是一个有团队精神的球员。
Yao Ming is the son of two great basketball players
姚明是两位著名篮球运动员的儿子,
and learnt how to play one of the world’s most popular games when he was young.
小时候就学打篮球——世界上最流行的运动之一。
Now, as one of the stars in the NBA,
现在,作为NBA的明星之一,
Yao Ming is working hard to live his dream
姚明正努力工作以实现自己的梦想
and show the world that Chinese basketball players love this game too!
并向世界表明中国篮球运动员也喜欢这项运动。
重点·难点·考点及疑点注释
1. score
(1)score 在文中是动词,意为“得分”,既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词。
The home team hasn’t yet to score.
主队还没有得分。
Hughes scored two goals before half time.
休斯在上半场进了两个球。
She scored 120 in the IQ test.
他在智商测验中得了120分。
(2)score 还可作名词,意为“分数”。
He made a good score of 90 points in the exam.
他在考试中得了90分的好成绩。
The final score was 4-3.
最后的比分是4比3。
2. more than意为“不仅仅,更加”。
It’s her voice I dislike, more than what he says.
使我讨厌的倒不是她说些什么,而是她说话的声音。
Businesses use computers a lot more than they used to.
企业使用计算机比过去多了。